| A | B |
|---|
| Locarno Treaties | These settled Germany's disputed borders with France, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, & Poland AND became the symbol of a new era of peace. |
| Kellogg-Briand Pact | Almost every independent nation signed this agreement, promising to "renounce war as an instrument of national policy." |
| disarmament | The reduction of armed forces and weapons. |
| overproduction | A condition in which production of goods exceeds the demands for them. |
| margin buying | Paying part of the costs and borrowing the rest from brokers. |
| the Great Depression | The stock market crash triggered this painful time of global economic collapse. |
| general strike | A strike by workers in many different industries at the same time. |
| IRA | When the British Parliament failed to grant home rule to Ireland in 1919, this group waged guerrilla war against British forces and their supporters. |
| Maginot Line | The French build these massive fortifications along their border with Germany to create a sense of security. |
| New Deal | President Roosevelt introduced this massive package of economic and social reforms aimed at bringing the United States out of the Great Depression. |
| Marie Curie | This scientist experimented radioactivity and found that the atoms of certain elements, such as radium and uranium, spontaneously release charged particals. |
| Albert Einstein | This German-born physicist advanced his theory of relativity arguing that measurement of space and time are not absolute but are determined by many factors. |
| Sigmund Freud | This Austrian physician suggested the subcounscious mind drive much human behavior |
| Henri Matisse | This painter outraged the public with his bold use of color and odd distortions. |
| Pablo Picasso | This Spanish artist created a revolutionary style called cubism, which broke three dimensional objects into fragments and composed them into complex patterns of angles and planes. |
| abstract | Artwork that is composed of lines, colors, and shapes with no recognizable subject matter at all. |
| surrealism | A movement that attempted to portray the workings of the unconscious mind. This style is favored by Salvador Dali. |
| Ernest Hemingway | This American novelist wrote The Sun Also Rises, which shows the rootless wanderings of young people who lack deep conviction. |
| stream of consciousness | In this technique, a writer appears to probe a character's random thoughts and feelings without imposing any logic or order. |
| Louis Armstrong | This jazz musician took simple melodies and improvised endless subtle variations in rhythm and beat in what was called the Jazz Age. |
| flappers | These liberated young women shocked their elders by bobbing their hair, wearing short skirts, going on dates unchaperoned, and drinking in nightclubs. |
| Benito Mussolini | This fiece nationalist would rise to power in the 1920s and become the leader of his Fascist Party. |
| Fascist party | This group was made up of organized World War 1 veterans and other discontented Italians. |
| fasces | This Latin words means "a bundle of sticks wrapped around an ax", the symbol of authority in ancient Rome. |
| Black Shirts | These combat squads of the Fascist party broke up socialist rallies, smashed leftist presses, and attacked farmers' cooperatives. |
| "march on Rome" | Tens of thousands of Fascists swarmed the capital city, demanding that the government make changes. |
| King Emmanuel II | In order to prevent an Italian civil war, he asked Mussolini to form a government as its prime minister. |
| Il Duce | The title Mussolini had taken. It means "The Leader". |
| "Believe! Obey! Fight!" | Men, women, and children were bombarded with these slogans, which glorified the state and Mussolini. |
| fascism | We use this term today to describe any totalitarian government that is not communist. |
| "Roman lake" | Mussolini pledged to make the Mediterranean Sea into this. |
| Emperor Hirohito | He was considered a living god and the nation of Japans supreme authority. So supreme, that no one could look at his face or mention is name. |
| Diet | The name of the Japanese parliament. |
| zaibatsu | The powerful business leaders in Japan. |
| ultranationalists | These extreme nationalists condemned Japanese politicians for agreeing to western demands to stop overseas expansion. |
| Manchuria | This Chinese province was rich in natural resources and was heavily invested by Japanese businesses. |
| The Manchurian Incident | In 1931, a group of Japanese army officers blew up tracks on a Japanese-owned railroad line in Manchuria to create an excuse to invade and capture Manchuria. |
| Manzhouguo | When the Japanese military forces conquered all of Manchuria, they set up a puppet state there and called Manchuria by this new name. |
| "the way of subjects" | To practice this, Japanese students were taught absolute obedience to the new emperor and service to the state. |
| Axis Powers | By 1939, Japan joined with the two aggressive European powers, Germany & Italy, to form this alliance. |
| Adolf Hitler | This World War 1 veteran and leader of the extremist Nazi party would rise in power to become the chancellor of Germany in 1933. |
| chancellor | The term meaning prime minister. |
| Ruhr Valley | France occupied this coal-rich area of France when Germany fell behind on its reparations. |
| Mein Kampf | While in prison in 1923, Hitler wrote this book, My Struggle, which would later become the basic book of Nazi goals and ideology. |
| Lebensraum | Hitler said Germany must expand its borders to extend its "living space" for its people. |
| repudiated | This terms means rejected. |
| Fuhrer | This is the German terms for "a strong leader". |
| Gestapo | This group, Hitler's secret police, rooted out opposition. |
| Nuremberg Laws | In 1935, these placed severe restrictions on German Jews. Jews were prohibited from marrying non-Jews, attending or teaching at German schools and universities, holding government jobs, practicing law or medicine, or publishing books. |
| Kristallnacht | This "Night of Broken Glass" took place on November 9 & 10 of 1938 whereupon Nazi led mobs attacked Jewish communities. |
| concentration camps | Detention centers for civilians who were considered enemies of the state. |
| psychonanalysis | A method of studying how the mind works and treating mental disorders. |
