| A | B |
|---|
| linkages | how land use types differ in their locational needs |
| Cities built defensively | Swamps (Moscow & London), Hills (Rome), Island (Paris) |
| City locations for trade | A. Shores of oceans & lakes B. River Mouths C. Points of Obstruction (river crossings, river obstructions, mountains (Denver)) |
| Needs during the industrial revolution | Raw materials, power, skilled labor, suitable climate |
| Other reasons for city location | Educational facilities (Athens), Leadership/Political(D.C., Sprinfield, IL) |
| Economies of scale | Increase in efficiency of production as the number of goods being produced increased. Typically, a company that achieves this lowers the average cost per unit through increased production since fixed costs are shared over an increased number of goods |
| Economies of agglomeration | Cost or productivity advantages from the clustering of firms or worksites near each other. Synergy across firms (access to ship, truck and employment) Efficiencies in production due to # of different local (large scale) industries |
| Economic Base | The engine that drives a city's source of income. |
| City Growth | the better the growth prospects for key industries located in a particular city, the better the prospects for economic growth |
| Basic Activities | export activities that are those that produce goods or services for those outside of the community. Will have a direct impact on the demand for various types of real estate assets and the demand for other types of goods and services in the community |
| Non-Basic activities | Population serving activities that produce goods and services for use within the local community. Changes in these activities will have less of a spillover impact on the rest of the community |
| Multiplier Effect | An increase of 1000 manufacturing jobs can lead to a 2000 total job increase |
| Leakage | The amount of a city's money that is spent on imports |
| Location Quotient | The proportion of total local employment in a given industry divided by the proportion of the total national employment in the same industry. LQ = 4 means there are 4X as many jobs in x industry in x city than the national average |
| Supply side of urban growth | labor force characteristics, quality of life, leadership/local government, climate |
| Von Thunen (1826) Transportation Costs Model | Core: City Center. Veggies, wood, potatoes, cattle, hunting |
| Burgess (1920's) Concentric Circle Model | Downtown, industrial, transition, blue collar, white collar, executive |
| Axial Growth | Direction-of-least-resistance theory |
| Sector Growth (Homer Hoyt) | Growth in sections and can be dependent on environmental factors such a wind, etc. |
| Technological Change in the 20th Century | 1. Urban Transportation Revolution 2. The Production Revolution 3. Advances for Offices and Retailing 4. Advances in data processing and communications |
| central place pattern | the tendency for competitors to disperse over the region of potential customer units (households) to the point where each establishment is equidistant from any other, and they are separated by the minimum distance that allows sufficient customers to support each establishment |
| comparison activities | Clustering of stores where customers typically like to go from one competitor to another in the course of a single trip |
