| A | B |
|---|
| aftershock | An earthquake that occurs after a larger earthquake in the same area. |
| base-isolated building | A building mounted on bearings designed to abosrb the energy of an earthquake. |
| hot spot | An area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust above it. |
| island arc | A string of islands formed by the volcanoes along a deep ocean trench. |
| lava | Magma that reaches the surface; also the rock fomred when liquid lava hardens. |
| lava flow | The area convered by lava as it pours out of a volcano's vent. |
| liquefactoin | The process by which an earthquake's violent movement suddenly turns loose soil into liquid mud. |
| magma | The molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water that makes up part of Earth's mantle. |
| magma chamber | The pocket beneath a volcano where magma collects. |
| moment magnitude scale | A scale that rates earthquakes by estimating the total energy released by an earthquake. |
| pipe | A long tube through which magma moves from the magma chamber to Earth's surface. |
| Ring of Fire | A major belt of volcanoes that rims the Pacific Ocean. |
| tsunamis | A giant wave caused by an earthqake on the ocean floor. |
| vent | The opening through which molten rock and gas leave a volcano. |
| volcano | A weak spot in the crust where magma has come to the surface. |
