| A | B |
|---|
| Hunter Gatherer Society | Humans that rely on naturally occurring sources of food, obtained by scavenging, gathering, or hunting. |
| Agrarian Society | Societies based on agriculture and the complex interplay of plants, animals, topography, climate, and weather with human tools, techniques, social habits, and cultural understandings. |
| Hammurabi's Code | A well preserved ancient set of laws from Babylonia |
| Neolithic | The early millennia of agriculture characterized by a more varied and sophisticated use of stone tools appeared in tandem with the emergence of farming. |
| Paleolithic | The era from approximately 2.5 million to 12,000 years ago when Homo sapiens and its hominid ancestors relied on a technology principally of tools and weapons fashioned principally of stone. |
| Patriarchy | A society in which males are socially and politically dominant over women. |
| Civilization | A type of society characterized by all or most of the following features: dense population, agricultural economy, cities, complex social hierarchy, complex occupational specialization, centralized state, monumental building, a writing system, and a dominant belief system. |
| Fertile Crescent | An arc of cultivable land characterized by wooded hillsides and alluvial valleys which runs northwestward along the Zagros Mountains of Iran, loops around the northern rim of the Syrian Desert, and extends southward parallel to the eastern shore of the Mediterranean. |
| Sedentary | The practice of residing or living in a specific locality |
| Collective Learning | The view that the human species has a unique capacity to accumulate and share complex knowledge and to transmit this knowledge from one generation to the next. |
| Artifacts | Tools, pottery, paintings, weapons |
| Fossils | Remains of humans |
| Artisans | Skilled workers |
| Systematic Agriculture | Keeping of animals and growing of food on a regular basis |
| Nomads | Moving from place to place to follow game animals |
| Empire | Group of states and people ruled by one person |
| Anthropology | Study of the remains of humans |
| Archaeology | Study of past societies through the analysis of what people have left behind |
| Dynasty | Family of rulers where the right to rule is passed down |
| Mummification | Egyptian process of draining dead bodies |
| Nile | Longest River in the world |
| Hieroglyphics | Complex writing style used by the Egyptians |
| Cuneiform | Writing style used by the Sumerians |
| King Khufu | Great Pyramid was built in his honor |
| King Tut | Known as the Boy king |
| Pharaoh | Egyptian term for king or leader |
| Old Kingdom | Time period when the leaders were known as pharaohs. |
| Old Kingdom | Time period when the Great Sphinx and Great Pyramids are built. |
| Middle Kingdom | When the perception of the pharaoh changes |
| New Kingdom | Time period when most of the well-known leaders rule |
| Old Kingdom | The time period when the king ruled with an iron fist. |
| Menes | Who united upper and lower Egypt into one Egyptian civilization? |
| Papyrus | What did the Egyptians record their writings on? |
| Hatshepsut | Who was the first female pharaoh? |
| Cleopatra | Who was the last recognizable leader of the Egyptian civilization? |
| Mary and Louise Leakey | Who discovered the first remains of humans at Olduvai Gorge in Africa during the 1950s? |
| Hammurabi's Code | What Babylonia leader created a law code with 282 codes? |
| Babylonians | Destroyed the Hebrew temple |
| Assyrians | Known as very cruel and brutal people |
| Sumerians | Made the first wheeled vehicles |
| Sumerians | First to use cuneiform writing |
| Assyrians | First to outfit there entire army with iron weapons. |
| Phoencians | Known for their great sailing ability |
| Babylonians | Persians conquered this group |
| Hittites | The Assyrians defeated this group |
| Assyrians | Created movable towers and battering rams. |
| Persians | Were the most tolerant group of this region to people that were conquered. |
| Hebrews | David and Solomon were two of their best kings |
| Babylonians | Nebuchadnezzar is one of their famous leaders |
| Phoencians | Known for creating the first alphabet |
| Hebrews | Only monotheistic group in Mesopotamia |
| Babylonians | Has the Hanging Gardens located in their empire. |
| Hittites | First to make tools and weapons of iron |
| Persians | Empire was based in present day Iran |
| Persians | Known as the largest empire of the ancient world. |
| Sargon | Who was the leader of the 1st empire in history? |
| Prehistory | What is the time period before recorded history called? |
| Lucy | What was the name given to one of the earliest full skeletal discoveries in Africa? |
| Vital Resources | What motivated Mesopotamian conquests of far-reaching territories? |
| Egypt's natural isolation and essential self-sufficiency | The culture that developed in Egypt was unique largely because of |
| housed the cult of the deity or deities | In Mesopotamian cities, the temples |
| artificial canals and irrigation | Agriculture in Mesopotamia depended on |
| satisfactory explanation of its environment | Creation myths often provide a society with a |
| fertile silt and water for agriculture | Early societies developed civilizations in the flood plains of great rivers because the rivers and floodplains provided |
| trade and craft specialization | The growth of settled agricultural communities resulted in |
| an Earth Mother or female deity | The religions of farming communities tended to focus on |
| in the Middle East | The earliest transition to agriculture was |
| they were the primary gatherers of wildplant foods | Women played a major role in the transition to crop cultivation because |
| fire | The most efficient method of clearing land for agriculture was by using |
| transporation | Scholars feel that early domestication of animals provided all for the following EXCEPT |
| Gathering Food | Most early human activity centered on |
