| A | B |
|---|
| Bed | an individual layer of rock, esp sediment or sedimentary rock |
| Biochemical Sedimentary Rock | any sedimentary rock produced by the chemical activities of organisms |
| Carbonate rock | any rock, such as limestone made up of mostly carbonate minerals |
| Cementation | "gluing" the particles together with mineralizing fluids |
| Chemical Sedimentary Rock | sed. rock made up of minerals that were dissolved during chemical weathering and later precipitated from seawater |
| Chemical Weathering | decomposition of parent material to produce new minerals and ions |
| Compaction | squeezing out the water |
| Cross-bedding | type of bedding in which layers are deposited at an angle to the surface on which they accumulate (sand dunes) |
| Depositional Environment | any area in which sediment is deposited |
| Detrital Weathering | breaking apart of solid sedimentary rocks |
| Soil | a mixture of weathered rock material, water, air, and organic matter |
| Lithification | transforming sediment into sedimentary rock |
| Ripple Marks | deposition in movingwater |
| Graded Bedding | changes in grain size from bottom to top of unit |
| Mud Crack | dried out after deposition, but prior to lithification |
| Fossil | remains and traces of ancient life |
| Differential Weathering | occurs at different rates on rocks, thereby yielding an uneven surface |
| Erosion | the removal of weathered materials from their source area by running water, wind, etc. |
| Evaporate | liquid to gas |
| Exfoliation dome | a large, rounded dome of rock resulting when concentric layers of rock are stripped from the surface of a rock mass |
| Frost Action | the disaggregation of rocks by repeated freezing and thawing of water in cracks |
| Hydrolysis | chemical reaction btwn hydrogen and hydroxyl ions of water and a mineral's ions |
| Laterite | soil that results from intense chemical weathering in the tropics |
| Marine regression | fall in sea level relative to land, results in nearshore facies deposited over offshore facies |
| Marine transgression | rise in sea level relative to land, results in offshore facies deposited over nearshore facies |
| Mechanical Weathering | physically breaking down of a rock |
| Oxidation | the reaction of oxygen with other atoms to form oxides |
| Parent Material | the material that is chemically and mechanically weathered to yield sediment and soil |
| Pedalfer | soil formed in humid regions |
| Pedocals | soil formed in arid and semiarid regions |
| Pressure Release | a mechanical weathering process in which rocks that formed under pressure expand on being exposed at the surface |
| Regolith | the layer of unconsolidated rock and mineral fragments and soil that covers most of the land surface |
| Salt Crystal Growth | a mechanical weathering process in which salt crystals growing in cracks and pores disaggregate rocks. |
| Sediment | loose aggregate of solids derived by weathering from preexisting rocks |
| Sedimentary Facies | bodies of sediment or sedimentary rock that are recognizably different from adjacent sediments or rocks |
| Sedimentary Rock | any rock composed of sediment |
| Soil Degradation | process leading to a loss of soil, may involve erosion |
| Soil Horizon | distinct layers of soil that differ from one another |
| Solution | reaction in which the ions of a substance become dissociated in a liquid & solid substance dissolves |
| Spheroidal Weathering | type of chemical weathering in which sharp edges broken down into spherical shapes |
| Strata | refers to layering in sedimentary rocks |
| Talus | accumulation of coarse, angular rock fragments at the base of a slope |
| Thermal Expansion and Contraction | type of mechanical weathering in which the volume of rocks changes in response to heating and cooling |
| Weathering | the physical breakdown and chemical alteration of rocks and minerals |
