| A | B |
|---|
| Aerobic respiration | The release of energy from carbohydrate using oxygen |
| Allele | An alternative form of a gene |
| Anaerobic respiration | The release of energy from carbohydrate without using oxygen. |
| Bioreactor | A vessel in which micro-organisms produce useful substances |
| Cancer | A growth resulting from abnormal and uncontrolled mitosis |
| Cell continuity | Process whereby cells develop from pre-existing cells |
| Chromosome | A structure made of DNA and protein which can be inherited |
| Coding DNA | That part of the chromosome which carries the infomation to make a protein |
| Diffusion | The movement of [gas or liquid] molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration |
| Diploid number | Chromosomes in pairs (two sets of chromosomes) |
| DNA profiling | examining DNA / for a pattern or band / to compare |
| Dominance | One allele masks the expression of the other |
| Enzyme | Biological catalyst |
| Enzyme Denaturation | Permanent Loss of (enzyme) function (or activity) |
| Enzyme Optimum Activity for pH | This is the pH at which an enzyme works best |
| Enzyme Specificity | [The concept that]An enzyme will combine (usually) with only one substrate to form a product |
| Eukaryotic Cell* | Cells which have a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles |
| Evolution | The way organisms change genetically from pre-existing forms to produce new species over long periods of time |
| Fermentation | Anaerobic respiration |
| Fertilisation | The fusion of 2[haploid] gametes to form a [diploid] zygote |
| Gamete | A (haploid) cell which is capable of fusion with another to form a new individual |
| Gene | A unit of DNA which codes for the production of a specific protein |
| Gene Expression | The process of changing the information on the gene into a protein and the effect that protein has on the organism |
| Genetic engineering | Manipulation or alteration of genes |
| Genetic screening | Testing (people) for the presence of a (specific) gene or to establish presence or absence of gene(s) |
| Genotype | The genetic make-up of an individual |
| Glycolysis | The process of breaking down glucose into pyruvic acid |
| Haploid number | Having one set of chromosomes |
| Heredity | The passing on of traits form parent to offspring by means of genes |
| Heterozygous | Has different alleles [for a trait] |
| Homozygous | Has identical alleles [for a trait] |
| Immobilised Enzyme | An enzyme which is fixed to an inert material by chemical or physical means |
| Incomplete Dominance | Neither allele masks the expression of the other. |
| Linkage | Genes located on the same chromosome[ are said to be linked] |
| Meiosis | A form of nuclear division in which one (diploid) nucleus divides to form 4 different (haploid) (daughter) nuclei |
| Mendel?s 1st Law[Segregation] | Traits are controlled by pairs of factors (alleles) which separate (segregate) at gamete formation. Each gamete carries only one factor for each trait |
| Mendel?s 2nd | During gamete formation each member of a pair of alleles(factors) may combine randomly with either of another pair |
| Metabolism | All the chemical reactions that occurs in organisms |
| Mitosis | A form of nuclear division in which one nucleus divides to form 2 identical (daughter) nuclei |
| Mutation | Change in the genetic make up |
| Non-coding dna | That part of the chromosome which does not carry the infomation to make a protein |
| Non-nuclear Inheritance | DNA apart from that found in the nucleus[e.g. mitochondria] that is passed on to the next generation |
| Organ | A group of tissues that work together |
| Organ System | A group of organs that work together |
| Osmosis | The movement of water molecules from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration across a S.P.M [selectively permeable membrane] or |
| Phenotype | physical appearance of an organism |
| Photosynthesis | Process where plants make carbohydrate using (sun)light energy (CO2, water and chlorophyll) |
| Prokaryotic Cell* | Cells which DO NOT have a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles. |
| Recessive | Allele whose expression is masked by dominant allele |
| Sex Linkage | Gene located on X- chromosome or on Y-chromosome |
| Species | Organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring |
| Tissue | Group of similar cells |
| Tissue culture | The growth of tissues outside an organism |
| Transcription | The process of producing mRNA using DNA as a template |
| Translation | The process of making a protein from the mRNA code |
| Turgor | The state of fullness in a plant cell due to the intake of water |
| Variation | Difference between members of species or population |
