| A | B |
|---|
| Absorption | The passing of small molecules into the bloodstream from the digestive tract |
| Active immunity | When the body produces its own antibodies |
| Adhesion | The force of attraction between molecules of water and the xylem vessel |
| Antibiotic | Substances produced by bacteria or fungi [accept micro-organisms] to treat infections[kill other bacteria or fungi] |
| Antibody | This is a substance produced by the lymphocytes in response to a specific invading antigen |
| Antigen | Causes antibody production |
| Appendicular skeleton | Composed of the pectoral and pelvic girdles and attached limbs |
| Artery | Blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart |
| Asepsis | Methods used to prevent unwanted micro-organisms entering an area [of an experiment] |
| Autotrophic [organism] | capable of producing its own food |
| Autotrophic [bacteria] | [Bacteria] capable of producing own food |
| Axial skeleton | Composed of skull, rib cage and vertebrae |
| Balanced diet | The taking in of the correct amounts of all food types and water |
| Batch Flow Food Processing | fixed amount of nutrients added at beginning of the or (bioreactor) emptied at end of production Where organisms are in a 5 phase growth curve |
| Birth control | Methods used to prevent fertilisation/conception/pregnancy occurring |
| Capillary | Blood vessel that links an arteriole to a venule |
| Carnivore | An animal that eats only other animal |
| Chemical Digestion | Breakdown of food molecules by chemical means e.g. enzymes |
| Chemosynthetic[bacteria] | Make food or obtain energy using a chemical reaction |
| Chemotropism | Growth response to substances[allow chemicals] by plants |
| Closed circulatory system | When blood remains within blood vessels as it travels around the body |
| Cohesion | The force of attraction between molecules of water |
| Copulation [sexual intercourse | A process of introducing sperm into the female?s reproductive system |
| Digestion | The process of breaking down food into soluble molecules |
| Ectotherm | Animals whose body temperature varies with the environmental temperature |
| Egestion | The removal of unabsorbed material from the body |
| Endocrine gland | A ductless gland [which relies on the bloodstream to deliver its secretions] |
| Endotherm | Animals who can maintain their own temperature from heat generated by its own internal metabolism |
| Excretion | The getting rid of waste products of metabolism |
| Exocrine gland | A gland which has a duct [to deliver its secretions] |
| Fertilisation | The fusion of a male gamete and female gamete to form a diploid zygote |
| Food Pyramid | Diagram showing the correct number of servings of different foods to have a balanced diet |
| Geotropism | Growth response to gravity by plants |
| Growth Regulator | A chemical produced in the meristem which affect the rate of growth of a plant |
| Herbivore | An animal that eats only plants |
| Heterotrophic [bacteria] | [Bacteria] not capable of producing own food |
| Homeostasis | Maintaining a constant internal environment |
| Hormone | Chemical produced by an endocrine gland which travels in the bloodstream to target organ(s) to exert a specific response(s) |
| Hydrotropism | Growth response to water by plants |
| Implantation | The attachment between tissue of the embryo and tissue of the endometrium to allow the embryo to become embedded there |
| In vitro fertilisation | Fusion of the male and female gamete outside the body |
| In vivo fertilisation | A method of forming a zygote inside the woman?s body |
| Induced Immunity | To give the body the ability to fight infections by exposure to infection [by vaccines or by illness] |
| Infertility | The inability [to produce (sufficient) gametes and] to conceive or produce offspring |
| Ingestion | The taking of food in to the body through the mouth |
| Interneuron | This connects sensory nerve cells to motor nerve cells |
| Joint | Where bones meet |
| Ligament | This joins bone to bone |
| Mechanical Breakdown | Breakdown of food by physical means e.g. peristalsis |
| Meristem | A region of mitosis in a plant |
| Motor neuron | A nerve cell which carries an impulse from the CNS |
| Omnivore | An animal that eats both plants and animals |
| Open circulatory system | When blood does not remain within (leaves) blood vessels as it travels around the body |
| Osteoblast | bone forming cell |
| Parasitic | An organism living in or on another organism causing it harm |
| Passive immunity | The body receives ready-made antibodies to combat infection giving short lived protection |
| Pathogen | Disease causing organism |
| Photosynthetic [bacteria] | using light to make food or obtain energy |
| Phototropism | Growth response to light by plants |
| Portal Blood System | One that begins and ends in capillaries |
| Primary Sexual Characteristics | The physical characteristics that distinguish male from female at birth [ i.e. the sex organs themselves] |
| Prokaryotic [bacteria] | [Bacteria] which do not possess a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles |
| Reabsorption | When soluble molecules return to the bloodstream again |
| Root Pressure | When water is forced up a stem from the roots [by osmotic pressure |
| Saprophytic | Lives on dead organisms |
| Secondary Sexual Characteristics | The physical characteristics that distinguish male from female apart from the sex organs themselves [that develop during puberty] |
| Sensory neuron | A nerve cell which carries an impulse to the CNS |
| Sterility | Free from all organisms |
| Tendon | This joins muscle to bone |
| Tension | A pulling force |
| Thigmotropism | Growth response to touch by plants |
| Transpiration | The evaporation of water from the leaves |
| Ureter | [Tube which carries liquid] from kidney to bladder |
| Urethra | [Tube which carries liquid]from bladder to outside |
| Vaccine | This introduces antigens causing the body to produce corresponding antibodies to gain immunity to that infection |
| Vein | Blood vessel that carries blood towards the heart |
