| A | B |
|---|
| asexual reproduction | reproduction in which a new organism is produced from a single parent |
| centromere | a knot-like region that holds double-stranded chromosomes together |
| chromosomes | thread-like strands of DNA and protein in a cell nucleus that carry the code for the inherited characteristics of an organism |
| diploid | the total number of paired chromosomes in a body cell of an organism |
| DNA | an acid in the nucei of cells that codes and stores genetic information |
| egg | the gamete from the female parent |
| fertilization | the fusion of 2 gametes |
| gametes | the sex cells or haploid cells that join to form a zygote |
| gene | the region of DNA that directs the making of a specific protein controlling traits that are passed to offspring |
| haploid | the number of chromosomes in a gamete |
| meiosis | the division of the cell nucleus to produce sex cells or gametes |
| mitosis | the process by which the nucleus divides into 2 nuclei, each containing the same number of chromosomes that the parent cell had |
| mRNA | a nucleic acid made from DNA that begins protein construction |
| mutation | any permanent change in the genetic material |
| replication | the process by which DNA copies itself |
| sexual reproduction | a type of reproduction in which a new oganism is produced by combining sex cells from 2 parents |
| sperm | the gamete from the male parent |
| transgenic organisms | organisms that contain genetic information from another species |
| tRNA | a nucleic acid produced from DNA that picks up amino acids in the cytoplasm and transfers them to the ribosome |
| zygote | the cell that forms in fertilization |
