| A | B |
|---|
| learning | any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about through experience |
| classical conditioning | A process of behavior modification by which a subject comes to respond in a desired manner to a previously neutral stimulus [CS] that has been repeatedly presented along with an unconditioned stimulus [UCS] that elicits the desired response [UCR] |
| operant conditioning | learning in which the consequences of behavior lead to changes in the probability of its occurrence |
| positive reinforcement | Any consequence of behavior that leads to an increase in the probability of its occurrence |
| fixed ration schedule | a reinforcement in which the reinforce is given only after a specified number of responses |
| variable ratio schedule | a reinforcement schedule in which the reinforce is given after a varying number of responses has been made |
| shaping | a strategy of positive reinforcing behaviors that are successively more similar to desired behaviors |
| negative reinforcement | reinforcement that comes about when the removal or avoidance of a negative event is the consequence of behavior |
| punishment | a negative consequence of a behavior |
| extinction | the process of unlearning a learned response because of the removal of the original source of learning |
| spontaneous recovery | a temporary increase in the strength of a conditioned response |
| disinhibition | a temporary increase in the strength of an extinguished response caused by an unrelated stimulus event |
| cognitive map | an inferred mental awareness of the structure of a physical space or related elements |
| modeling | learning based on observation of the behavior of another |
