| A | B |
|---|
| aerobic | Containing or requiring oxygen (O2). |
| anaerobic | Lacking or not requiring oxygen (O2). |
| ATP synthase | A cluster of several membrane proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane that function with adjacent electron transport chains |
| autotroph | An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. Autotrophs use energy from the sun or from the oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones. |
| cellular respiration | The aerobic harvesting of chemical energy from organic fuel molecules. |
| creatine phosphate | A compound in muscle cells that provides energy. |
| electron transport chain | A series of redox reactions where each member of the chain can accept and donate electrons. This releases the energy used to make ATP. |
| facultative anaerobe | An organism with the metabolic versatility to harvest food energy by either cellular respiration or fermentation. |
| fermentation | The anaerobic harvest of food by some cells. |
| glycolysis | The splitting of glucose into pyruvate. Glycolysis is the one metabolic pathway that occurs in all living cells |
| heterotroph | An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products. |
| Krebs cycle | The second major stage in cellular respiration. The Krebs cycle completes the breakdown of sugar all the way to carbon dioxide |
| metabolism | The many chemical reactions that occur in organisms. |
| NADPH | An electron carrier involved in photosynthesis. Light drives electrons from chlorophyll to NADP+ |
| oxidation | The loss of electrons during a redox reaction |
| primary electron acceptor | A molecule that traps the light-excited electron from the reaction-center chlorophyll in a photosystem. |
| producers | Organisms that make organic food molecules from CO2 |
| redox reaction | A chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one substance to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction. |
| reduction | The acceptance of electrons to a substance during a redox reaction. |
