| A | B |
|---|
| Second Continental Congress | central government during the Revolutionary War |
| Articles of Confederation | first written plan of government written for the US |
| Philadelphia | city where the Constitutional Convention was held |
| Independence Hall | building where the Constitutional Convention was held |
| U.S. Constitution | second written plan of government for the U.S.; still have today |
| The Framers | name for men who constructed the second plan |
| Local, state, national | three levels of government |
| Executive, legislative, judicial | three branches of government |
| Anti-Federalist | name for the people who were against the Constitution |
| Federalist | name of essays written to support the Constitution |
| Shay's Rebellion | an event that proved people's unhappiness or the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation |
| Delaware | first state to ratify the Constitution |
| Land Ordinance of 1785 | law that created a way to divided/settle new western lands |
| Steps for becoming a state | 5,000 voter males elect to house legislature/ 60,000 draft a Constitution |
| Northwest Ordinance | law that created a way for territories to become states |
| Advantages of the Land Ordinance of 1785 | close together/ disputes over line and boundaries could be eliminated |
| Congress | the only branch of government under the Articles of Confederation |
| Northwest Ordinance of 1787 | slavery was forbidden and public education was supported in this law |
| James Madison, John Jay, Alexander Hamilton | author of the Federalist papers |
| Bill of Rights | what Ant-Federalist felt the Constitution lacked |
| Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom | written by Thomas Jefferson to support separation of church and state |
| Virginia Declaration of Rights | written by George Mason/ basis for individual rights |
| Elastic Clause | allows Congress to pass all laws that are "necessary and proper" |
| Federalism | division of power between national and state governments |
| Separation of Powers | distributes power between three branches of government |
| Checks and Balances | idea that keeps one branch from being too powerful |
| Democracy | a government run by elected officials |
| Ben Franklin | oldest delegate at the Constitutional Convention |
| George Washington | presided over the Constitutional Convention |
| Patrick Henry | refused to attend the Constitutional Convention |
| James Madison | author of the Virginia Plan; father of the Constitution |
| William Patterson | author of the New Jersey Plan |
| Thomas Jefferson | author of the Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom |
| George Mason | author of the Virginia Declaration of Rights |
| compromise | an agreement between two sides and each gives something up |
| bicameral | 2 houses |
| ratify | approve |
| amend | change |
| weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation | one vote per state, no power to tax, no national court system, 9/13 majority to pass all laws |
| the problem with the Great Compromise | representation |
| Large states Plan; based on population | Virginia Plan |
| Small states plan; based on equality | New Jersey Plan |
| The Great Compromise-Senate | equal representation |
| The Great Compromise-House | population |
| South's problem with the 3/5 compromise | wanted slaves to count for population but not taxation |
| North's problem with the 3/5 compromise | gave south too much power |
| Answer to the 3/5 Compromise | slaves count as 3/5 person for both population and representation |
| South's problem with the Slave trade compromise | afraid Congress would abolishslave trade |
| South's problem with the Slave trade compromise | wanted Congress to abolish slave trade/ regulate all trade |
| Answer to the Slave trade compromise | Congress controlled trade, cannot touch slave trade until 1803 |
