| A | B |
|---|
| probablility | relative frequency of occurence |
| population | the target group of participants |
| sample | a subgroup of the population of interest |
| data | information expressed as facts or figures |
| statistics | numerical summary measures computed on data from a sample; numerical characteristics of a sample |
| mean | arithmetic average |
| parameters | numerical characteristics of a population |
| sampling | process of selecting a sample from a population |
| random sampling | process of selecting a sample such that the selection of one observation is independent of the selection of any other observation |
| stratified random sampling | random sampling within defined segments of the population |
| descriptive statistics | statistical procedures used to describe a sample |
| inference | process of making decisions about the population based on a small group of participants |
| inferential statistics | statistical procedures used to make decisions about a population based on results from a sample |
| chance | occurence of a certain result without apparent cause |
| estimation | calculation of an approximate value of a parameter |
| variability | the spread or dispersion of scores |
| sampling variability of statistics | tendency of statistics to differ from one another |
| distribution | set of values associated with elements of the sample or population and dispersed through some space, like a number line |
| sampling distribution | hypothetical distribution of the values of a statistic if it were computer repeatedly with similar samples |
| theoretical reference distribution | mathematical expression of all possible existing values |
| hypothesis | testable guess or tentative proposition set forth to explain some data |
