| A | B |
|---|
| atom | smallest part of an element that still shows the properties of the element |
| atomic number | number of protons in an element |
| acid | releases hydrogen ions when dissolved in water |
| molecular formula | shows the kinds and ratios of atoms in a compound |
| covalent bond | bond is formed when atoms share electrons |
| element | substance composed of only one type of atom |
| ion | a charged atom, either + or - |
| isotope | atoms of the same element that have different atomic masses |
| nonpolar covalent bond | bond formed when atoms share electrons equally |
| pH | measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution |
| amino acid | MONOMERS that form proteins |
| carbohydrate | Macromolecules used mostly for energy |
| catalyst | substance that speeds up a chemical reaction |
| cholesterol | steroid used to form hormones like testosterone |
| disaccharides | sucrose,lactose,maltose |
| enzyme | Proteins that catalyze chemical reactions |
| sucrose | disaccharide made from glucose and fructose |
| glycerol | backbone of triglycerides & phospholipids |
| hydrogen bond | bond formed by polar molecules attraction |
| mass number | sum total of protons and neutrons in an atom |
| monosaccharide | glucose, fructose, galactose |
| nucleotides | monomers of nucleic acids |
| phospholipid | lipids composing cell membranes |
| polypeptide | chain of many amino acids |
| primary structure | the sequence of amino acids in a protein |
| proteins | macromolecules with the most variety of functions; composed of C,H,O, N |
| saturated | fatty acid chain with only C-C single bonds |
| starch | storage polysaccharide found in plants |
| unsaturated | fatty acid chain with some C-C double bonds |
| hydrophobic | water-fearing |
| atomic nucleus | contains the protons and neutrons |
| base | substance that removes H+ when dissolved in water |
| structural formula | represent the positions of atoms in a substance |
| compound | composed of two or more different kinds of elements |
| electron | negative particle found in an atom |
| inorganic compound | compound that does not contain C and H bonded |
| ionic bond | bond is formed by the gain or loss of electrons |
| neutron | neutral particle in an atom |
| organic compound | compounds containing C and H |
| proton | positive subatomic particle |
| molecular formula | used to represent the types and ratios of atoms found in a substance |
| cellulose | structural polysaccharide found in plants |
| dna | genetic material of all organisms |
| enzymes | biological catalysts |
| fatty acid | "tails" of a fat or phospholipid |
| glucose | sugar used by all organisms in the process of respiration |
| glycogen | storage polysaccharide found in animals |
| lipid | organic compound stores the most energy and is used to form cell membranes |
| molecule | smallest part of a compound that still retains the properties of a compound |
| nucleic acid | kind of organic molecules that form dna and rna |
| peptide bond | bond that joins amino acids to make protein primary structure |
| polar covalent bond | bond is formed when electrons are shared unequally |
| polysaccharide | many monosaccharides joined |
| secondary structure | pleats or coils ina polypeptide chain |
| triglyceride | lipids that store energy |
| hydrophillic | substance that "likes" water |
| denature | proteins exposed to change in pH,temperature,radiation,etc |
| chemistry | study of composition of matter & how it changes |
| liver | where humans store most glycogen |
| steroid | lipids composed of 4 rings |
| amino | NH2 group on all amino acids |
| carboxyl | COOH group on all amino acids |
| "R" group | varies on all amino acids |
| glycine | simplest amino acid |
