| A | B |
|---|
| radioactivity | the spontaneous process through which unstable nuclei emit radiation |
| lava | magma that flows out onto Earth's surface |
| igneous rock | rocks formed fron the crystallization of magma |
| partial melting | the process by which some minerals melt at low temperatures while other minerals remain solid |
| fractional crystallization | the process by which different minerals form at different temperatures |
| Bowen's reaction series | a model that describes the relationship between cooling magma and mineral formation |
| magma | molten material found beneath Earth's surface |
| intrusive rock | igneous rocks that cool slowly beneath Earth's surface |
| extrusive rock | igneous rocks that cool quickly on Earth's surface |
| granite rock | light-colored rock high in silica and contains quartz and feldspar |
| basaltic rock | dark-colored rock low in silica and contains iron and magnesium-rich minerals |
| texture | the size, shape, and distribution of crystals or grains that make up a rock |
| porphyritic texture | characterized by large, well formed crystals surrounded by finer-grained crystals of the same mineral or different minerals |
| vesicular texture | a spongy appearance caused by broken gas bubbles |
| pegmatite | veins of extremely large-grained minerals |
| kimberlite | a rare, ultramafic variety of peridotite that forms pipe like structures and which sometimes contain diamonds |
