| A | B |
|---|
| Atom | smallest part of matter |
| Nucleus | protons and neutrons |
| Electron | negatively charged particle outside the nucleus |
| Element | pure substance |
| Isotope | elements with same # of protons but different # of neutrons |
| Ionic bond | formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another |
| Covalent bond | formed when electrons are shared between atoms |
| Hydrogen bond | attraction between water molecules of the positive H ends to the negative O end |
| Cohesion | attraction between molecules of the same substance |
| Adhesion | attraction between molecules of different substances |
| Solute | the substance that is dissolved, can be slid, liquid, or gas |
| Solvent | substance in which the solute dissolves, usually a liquid |
| pH scale | measures the concentration of H+ ions in the solution |
| Acid | pH below 7 |
| Base | pH above 7 |
| Buffer | weak acid or base that reacts with strong acid or base to prevent sudden changes in pH |
| Carbohydrates | used mainly for energy, polymers of simple sugars |
| Lipids | used to store energy and in biological coverings, esp waterproof |
| Nucleic acids | store and transmit genetic information |
| Proteins | polymers of amino acids, many uses, ex form muscles |
| Chemical reaction | new substance formed from reactants |
| Product | elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction |
| Reactants | elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction |
| Molecule | smallest unit of a compound |
| Proton | positively charged particle in the nucleus |
| Neutron | particle in the nucleus with no charge |
| Compound | substance formed by chemical combination of 2 or more elements in definite proportions |
| Ion | an atom with a positive or negative charge |
| Solution | a mixture of two or more substances in which molecules are evenly distributed |
| Suspension | a mixture of water and nondissolved materials |
| amino acid | molecules that make up proteins |
| Substrate | reactants of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction |
| Polymers | monomers joined together to make a much larger molecule |
| Catalyst | substance that speeds up a reaction |
| Polar | a molecule in which charges are unevenly distributed, water is a good example |
| Macromolecules | giant molecules |
| Monomer | smaller units or molecules that join together to make polymers |
| Enzyme | proteins that act as a biological catalyst |
| Mixture | materials composed of 2 or more elements physically mixed |
| Nucleotide | the monomer of a nucleic acid |
