| A | B |
|---|
| matter | Anything that occupies space and has mass |
| mass | Amount of matter in an object |
| elements | Substance that ordinarily cannot be broken down chemically to form simpler kinds of matter |
| atom | Simplest particle of an element that retains all of the properties of that element |
| atomic number | The number of protons in an atom |
| energy levels | An imaginary place where electrons will most likely be located based upon the number of electrons and the amount of energy |
| compound | A pure substance which is made up of atoms of two or more elements |
| chemical reactions | The process of breaking chemical bonds forming new bonds |
| bond | An attraction between two or more atoms where electrons are either shared or stolen – energy is stored in a chemical bond |
| covalent bond | Forms when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons |
| molecule | A chemical structure composed of one or more atoms |
| ions | An atom or compound with a net charge |
| ionic bond | Bond formed by electrical attraction between two oppositely charged ions |
| state of matter | The condition of molecules that is determined by the amount of energy involved – solid, liquid, or gas |
| exergonic reaction | Chemical reaction that involves a release of energy |
| endergonic reaction | Chemical reaction that involves a storage of energy |
| activation energy | Amount of energy required for a chemical reaction to start and to continue on its own |
| catalysts | Chemical that reduces the amount of activation energy needed for a reaction but is not a reactant |
| enzymes | A catalyst, usually a protein, in living systems |
| concentration gradient | the difference in concentration of a substance across space |
| adhesion | the property of water that makes it stick to materials |
| cohesion | the property of water that makes the water molecules stick to each other |
| solvent | in a solution, the substance in which a solute is dissolved |
| solution | mixture in which one or more substances are uniformly dissolved in another substance |
| solute | substance dissolved in a solution |
| concentration | measurement of the amount of solute dissolved in a fixed amount of solvent |
| saturated solution | a solution in which no more solute can dissolve |
| aqueous solution | a solution in which water is the solvent |
| dissociation | the separating of a molecule into simpler molecules, atoms, radicals, or ions |
| hydroxide ion | the (OH-) formed when water breaks apart (dissociation) |
| hydronium ion | (H3O+) that is formed when water breaks apart (dissociation) |
| acid | any substance that increases the concentration of hydrogen (H+) ions when added to a water solution |
| base | any substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide (OH-) ions when added to a water solution |
| law of conservation of matter | matter can neither be destroyed or created |
| polarity | the unequal sharing of electrons in a molecule |
