| A | B |
|---|
| Vestibular | The posterior-superior portion of the membranous labyrinth |
| Endolymph | Fluid contained in the membranous labyrinth |
| Utriculus | Membranous sac which contains the macula of the utriculus |
| Crus Commune | Forms from the union of the superior and inferior ducts |
| Endolymphatic | Saclike portion of the membranous labyrinth, connected via the endolymphatic duct; in the meninges on the posterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone |
| Ductus Reuniens | Connects the sacculus to the cochlear duct |
| Vestibule | Location of the sacculus, utriculus and their ducts |
| Type I | Flask looking, fat cell, resembles IHCs; the nerve endings of the afferent nerve are large and engulf the hair cell, but do not make contact with the cell |
| Type II | Columnar cell, resembles the OHCs; the nerve endings are very small and make contact with the cell |
| Kinocilium | Located on every hair cell; emerges from the basal body; composed of 9 filaments that are arranged in a circle, with 2 more in the center that connect to the basal body |
| Otolithic Membrane | Gelatinous structure that contains small crystals of calcium carbonate |
| Lateral | The horizontal semicircular canal can also be called |
| Anterior | The superior semicircular canal can also be called |
| Posterior | The inferior semicircular canal can also be called |
| Ampullaris | The swelling on each semicircular ducts |
| Cupula | Gelatinous membrane of the crista ampullaris, in which kinocilia are embedded |
| Crista Ampullaris | Composed of supporting cells and hair cells; its stereocilia and kinocilium are embedded in the cupula; sensitive to angular movements |
| Scarpa's Ganglion | Vestibular ganglion; cell bodies of the vestibular division of the auditory nerve |
| Superior | What portion of the vestibular portion of the VIII CN innervates the ampullae of the superior and lateral semicircular canals |
| Inferior | What portion of the vestibular portion of the VIII CN, innvervates the macullae of the utricle and saccule and ampulla of the posterior semicircular canal |
| Olivocochlear | What efferent bundle lies between the inferior and superior portion of the vestibular portion of the VIII CN going to the cochlea |
| CPA | Cerebellopontine Angle |
| Auditory | This nerve is relatively thick, but only contains about 50,000 nerve fibers; about 5mm in length; enters the IAM and divides into the vestibular and cochlear branches |
| VCN | Ventral Cochlear Nucleus |
| DCN | Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus |
| Type I | Spiral ganglion fibers located in the central auditory system that are coded for frequency and intensity, and are distributed in a tonotopic arrangement |
| Type II | Spiral ganglion fibers located in the central auditory systemand are distributed in a tonotopic arrangement, however, its function is unknown |
| Tonotopic | Organization that is repeated in most, if not all, auditory nuclei and cortices |
| Perilymph | Fluid contained in the bony labyrinth |
| PVCN | Posterior Ventral Cochlear Nucleus |
| Octopus | Cells with large cell bodies with thick dendrites that extend from one side of the cell soma; sensitive to a wide band of frequencies |
| Stria of Held | Forms as the axons of the octopus cells leave the PVCN |
| Mutipolar | Cells contained in both the AVCN and PVCN; irregular shaped somas with several dendrites that are often in star-shaped or in a parallel arrangement; reponds to the onset and offset of sound |
| Stellate | Cells contained in the DCN whose exact function is unknown |
| LSO | Lateral Superior Olivary |
| MSO | Medical Superior Olivary |
| MNTB | Medial Nucleus of Trapezoid Body |
| Medial | The superior olivary nucleus responsible for binaural interaction - what is heard from the left and right ears comes together; analyzes differences in arrival times of sounds at the two ears |
| MNTB | Small group of ill defined neurons in the ventral pontine tegmentum; has multipolar neurons and receives input from large calyceal endings that come from HF globular bushy cells of the contralateral AVCN |
| Lateral | The superior olivary nucleus that receives synaptic endings from HF globular bushy cells of the ipsilateral AVCN and from principal cell axons of the ipsilateral MNTB; connections bring information from both ears |
| LL | Lateral Lemniscus |
| Lateral Lemniscus | Largest tract, with axons originating from the DCN, SOC nuclei of the LL and short fibers linking parts of the LL nuclei |
| Globular Bushy | Group of cells located in the contralateral AVCN via the TB and ventral acoustic stria |
| Multipolar | Neurons located in the contralateral AVCN and PVCN via the ventral acoustic stria and TB |
| Octopus | Group of cells located in the contralateral PVCN via the intermediate acoustic stria |
| Stellate | Group of cells located in the contralateral DCN via the dorsal acoustic stria |
| Principal | Group of cells located in the ipsilateral MSO via the TB |
| Principal | Group of cells located in the ipsi and contrlateral LSO via the TB |
| Inferior Colliculus | Location of where the majority of fibers synapse at the level of the midbrain |
| MGB | Medial Geniculate Body |
| Medial Geniculate Body | Last subcortical way station and all ascending pathways to the auditory cortex synapse here in the pars principalis |
| Cochlear | Nucleus in which axons bifurcate and send branches to the AVCN, PVCN and dorsal nuclei |
| One | Layer number of the DCN laminar structure that contains small neurons, short axons, parallel to the surface making connections within the neuropil |
| Two | Layer number of the DCN laminar structure that contains small granule cells and large fusiform cells |
| Fusiform | Layer number two of the DCN laminar structure is also called |
| Polymorphic | Layer three and four of the DCN laminar structure are the deepest layers that consist of a variety of giant cells. This layer is also called |
| Peristimulus | Type of histogram used to look at discharge patterns or spike rates of cells of the CN |
| Primary Like | Units of cells that have firing patterns that are like those of auditory nerve fibers |
| Onset Responses | Historgram discharge pattern with a sharp peak in the beginning of the tone burst (octopus cells), then no activity or low level of sustained activity (PVCN and IN) |
| Choppers | Histogram discharge pattern with a chopped appearance; Cells are firing repetitively during a sustained tone burst at a rate unrelated to the period of the stimulus waveform; Response is greatest at onset and decreases over time. |
| Buildup Responses | Histogram discharge pattern from cells in the fusiform layer that show an initial onset of activity that increases slowly with time |
| Pauser | Histogram discharge pattern from cells in the DCN; has an initial onset response, silent period, and then a gradual resumption of activity |
