| A | B |
|---|
| Progressive Era | Name for reform movements of the late 1800s that focused on urban problems, such as the plight of workers, poor sanitation, and corrupt political machines |
| muckraker | A term coined for journalists who "raked up" and exposed corruption and problems of society |
| Ida Tarbell | Wrote a scathing report condemning the business practices of the Standard Oil Compant in McClure's Magazine |
| Lincoln Steffens | Exposed the corruption of city governments in "The Shame of the Cities" |
| Seventeenth Amendment | A constitutional amendment allowing American voters to directly elect U.S. senators |
| Initiative | Amethod of allowing voters to propose a new law on the ballot for public approval |
| Referendum | A procedure that allows voters to approve or reject a law already proposed or passed by government |
| Recall | A vote to remove an official from office |
| Prohibition | a ban on alcohol that became law in 1920 |
| Woman's Christian Temperance Union | Reform organization that led the fight against alcohol in the late 1800's |
| Carry Nation | Evangelist who took a hatchet in one hand and a bible in the other and smashed up saloons in Kansas and urged other women to do the same |
| Eighteenth Amendment | A constitutional amendment that outlawed the production and sale of alcoholic beverages in the United States; repealed in 1933 |
| National Association of Colored Women | An organization founded in 1896 that worked to fight poverty, segregation, lynchings, and the persistence of Jim Crow laws that denied African Americans the right to vote; later campaigned for temperance and woman's sufferage |
| Susan B. Anthony | Founded National American Woman Sufferage Association with Elizabeth Cady Stanton in 1890 |
| National American Woman Suffrage Association | An organization founded by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony in 1890 to obtain women's right to vote |
| Theodore Roosevelt | This person's campaign slogan was the "Square Deal" |
| Bully Pulpit | A platform used to publicize and seek support for important issues |
| Square Deal | Theodore Roosevelt's 1904 campaign slogan; expressed his belief that the needs of workers, business, and consumers should be balanced, and called for limiting the power of trusts, promoting public health and safety, and improving working conditions |
| Elkins Act | Laws passed by Congress which prohibited railroads from accepting rebates from their best customers |
| Hepburn Act | Law that authorized the Interstate Commerce Commission to set maximum railroad rates and gave it the power to regulate other companies engaged in interstate commerce |
| Meat Inspection Act | Law that required federal government inspection of meat shipped across state lines |
| Pure Food and Drug Act | Law that forbade the manufacture, sale, or transportation of food and patent medicine containing harmful ingredients, and required that containers of food and medicines carry ingredient labels |
| Newlands Reclamation Act | Law that allowed the federal government to build irrigation projects to make marginal lands productive |
| Gifford Pinchot | Conservationist who was chief of the U.S. Forest Service |
| William Howard Taft | Ran against Roosevelt and Wilson in the Election of 1912 |
| Sixteenth Amendment | Law that allowed Congress to levy taxes based on an individual's income |
| Woodrow Wilson | Democrate who won the election of 1912 |
| Federal Reserve Act | Law that created a central fund from which banks could borrow to prevent collapse during a financial panic; also placed banking system under the supervision of the government for the first time |
| Clayton Antitrust Act | Law that prohibited companies from buying the stock of competing companies in order to form a monopoly, forbade companies from selling goods below cost with the goal of driving their competitors out of business and made strikes, boycotts, and peaceful picketing legal |
| Nineteenth Amendment | A constitutional amendment that gave women the right to vote |
| Alice Paul | Activist who broke away from NAWSA and formed the Congressional Union for Woman Sufferage, renamed National Woman's Party |
| Francis Willard | Headed the WCTU from 1879-1898 |
| John Muir | Naturalist who played a pivotal role in convincing the government to protect and preserve Yosemite |
