| A | B |
|---|
| human geography | study of characteristics such as where people live, their economic activities, religious beliefs, languages |
| physical geography | study of landforms, bodies of water, climate, soil quality, resources, plants, animals |
| political geography | study of local, state, national, international political boundaries, such as voting districts, government borders |
| nomad | a person who migrates constantly, hunting animals and picking fruit |
| silt | rich soil |
| primary source | information from a person who witnessed or experienced an event |
| secondary source | information about an event from a person who did not witness or experience it |
| domestication | taming of animals |
| hunters and gatherers | phrase describing how Paleolithic people obtained food |
| 6 features of civilization | cities, organized religion, centralized government, writing system, art & architecture, job specialization |
| polytheism | belief in many gods |
| Paleolithic Age | Earliest ime period in which small nomadic bands of people migrated to find food, following the hunting animals & ripe fruit to pick |
| Neolithic Age | people stopped being nomadic; began farming & domestication of animals in permanent settlements which made civilization possible |
| River Valley Civilizations | Egypt, Mesopotamia, most all early civilizations developed along river valleys because of the fertle soil that made farming possible |
| pharaoh | title for the ruler of the Egyptians |
| vizier | chief advisor |
| Nile delta | Triangular area of very fertile soil deposits, where the Nile River empties into the Mediterranean Sea |
| cataract | a waterfall |
| "Gift of the Nile" | a name given to Egypt |
| Queen Hatshepsut | Female pharaoh, built Egyptian temples displaying the wealth and the power of the New Kingdom |
| Pharaoh Ramses II | Expanded Egypt into palestine, brought peace with the Hittites |
| The Code of Hammurabi | a collection of written rules based on legal procedures |
| Israelites | Ancient Hebrews, lived in Palestine & developed a monotheistic religion called Judaism. made a covenant 9agreement) with God to follow the 10 Commandments |
| Torah | holy book of Judaism |
| cunieform | writing system of the Sumerians |
| hieroglyphics | writing system of the Egyptians |
| Fertle Crescent | area of fertile land in the Middle East between the Tigris & Euphrates Rivers (shaped like a cresecnt); also called Mesopotamia |
| 2 Mesopotamian rivers | Tigris & Euphrates |
| 3 Sumerian contibutions | 1) irrigation systems (including levees & canals); 2) the first wheeled vehicles; 3) cuneiform (wedge-shaped writing) |
