| A | B |
|---|
| macromolecule | large molecules made of thousands of smaller molecules |
| monomer | small molecules joined together to form macromolecules |
| polymer | large molecules made by joining many similar smaller molecules |
| organic compounds | compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen together |
| carbohydrates | main source of energy for living things |
| sugar | building blocks for carbohydrates |
| glucose | monosaccharide used as energy source by all life |
| monosaccharide | simple single sugar |
| disaccharide | double sugar formed by joining two single sugars together |
| fructose | monosaccharide found in fruits |
| galactose | monosaccharide fround in milk |
| maltose | disaccharide found in plants |
| sucrose | disaccharide of sugar cane and sugar beet , table sugar |
| lactose | disaccharide found in milk |
| polysaccharide | lage complicated carbohydrates formed by many simple sugars joined together |
| starch | storage polysaccharide of plants |
| glycogen | storage polysaccharide of animals |
| cellulose | structural poylsaccharide of plant cell walls, makes up wood and paper |
| lipids | macromolecules that are used for long term storage of chemical energy |
| fatty acid | long carbon chain building block of lipid macromolecules |
| glycerol | small three carbon building block of lipid macromolecules |
| saturated lipid | carbon chain has only carbon to carbon single bonds, is holding maximum amount of hydrogen atoms |
| unsaturated lipid | carbon chain has at least one carbon to carbon double bond, has less than the maximum amount of hydrogen atoms |
| polyunsaturated lipid | carbon chain has many carbon to carbon double bond, has less than the maximum amount of hydrogen atoms |
| oils | lipids that are liquid at room temperature, usually contain unsaturated lipids |
| fats | lipids that are solid at room temperature, usually contain saturated lipids |
| nucleic acids | macromolecules that store and transmit hereditary, or genetic, information |
| nucleotides | building blocks of nucleic acids containing a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base |
| ribonucleic acid (RNA) | nucleic acid containing the sugar ribose |
| deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | nucleic acid containing the sugar deoxyribose |
| proteins | macromolecules containing C, H, O, N |
| amino acid | building block of proteins |
| amino group | component of amino acid fromed by a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms |
| carboxyl group | component of amino acid composed of a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen and bonded to a hydroxide group |
| variable group | component of aminoacid that makes each kind of amino acid unique |
