| A | B |
|---|
| aqueous humor | a clear watery fluid that fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the anterior cavity of the eye. |
| astigmatism | an unevenness in the corneal or lenticular curvature, causing horizontal and vertical rays to be focused at two different points on the retina which results in visual distortion. |
| conjunctiva | the mucous membrane lining the inner surfaces of the eyelids and anterior part of the sclera, |
| hyperopia | farsightedness, or an inability of the eye to focus on nearby objects. |
| lens | biconvex, avascular, transparent structure located behind the iris |
| myopia | nearsightedness, or an inability of the eye to focus on objects far away. |
| nystagmus | an abnormal involuntary repetitive movement of the eyes. |
| presbyopia | a hyperopic shift to farsightedness resulting from a loss of elasticity of the lens of the eye; the condition commonly develops with advancing age, with the first symptoms appearing about age 40 years. |
| refraction | the ability of the eye to bend light rays so that they fall on the retina. |
| retina | a layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye, continuous with the optic nerve, that receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses through the optic nerve to the brain. |
| sclera | an opaque structure composed of collagen fibers meshed together that encircles the globe of the eye; commonly referred to as the white of the eye, |
| tinnitus | a subjective noise sensation, often described as ringing, heard on one or both ears |
| vertigo | a sensation that a person or objects around the person are moving or spinning; usually stimulated by movement of the head. |
| acoustic neuroma | a benign tumor that occurs where the acoustic nerve (CN VII) enters the internal auditory canal or the temporal bone from the brain. |
| age-related macular degeneration | a progressive deterioration of the maculae of the retina, divided into two forms dry and wet. |
| amblyopia | reduced vision in an eye that is not corrected by refraction and does not have an obvious pathologic or structural cause. |
| aphakia | a condition in which the crystalline lens of the eye is absent, usually because it has been surgically removed, as in the treatment of cataracts. |
| blepharitis | a chronic inflammatory condition of the lash follicles and maibornian glands of the eyelids, characterized by swelling, redness, and crusts of dried mucus on the lids |
| cataract | an abnormal progressive condition of the lens of the eye, characterized by an opacity within the lens, |
| chalazion | a small, localized swelling of the eyelid resulting from obstruction and retained secretions of the miebomian glands; a nonmalignant condition that often requires surgery for correction. |
| cholesteatoma | a cystic mass composed of epithelial cells and cholesterol that is found in the middle ear and occurs as a congenital defect or as a serious complication of chronic otitis media. |
| conjunctivitis | an infection or inflammation of the conjunctiva, caused by bacterial or viral infection, allergy, or environmental factors |
| enucleation | removal of the eye |
| exophthalmos | inflammation or infection of the epithelium of the auricle and ear canal. Abnormal anterior protrusion of the eyeball. |
| glaucoma | a group of disorders characterized by (1) increased intraocular pressure and the consequences of elevated pressure, (2) optic nerve atrophy and (3) peripheral visual field loss. |
| hordeolum (stye) | an infection of the sebaceous glands in the lid margin, |
| keratitis | an inflammation or infection of the cornea that can be caused by a variety of microorganisms or by other factors. |
| keratoconus | a noninflammatory, usually bilateral disease of the cornea that is familial but has no exclusive inheritance pattern; the cause of the condition is unknown. |
| labyrinthitis | an inflammation of the inner ear affecting the cochlear or vestibular portion of the labyrinth or both, resulting in vertigo. |
| Meniere's disease | a disease characterized by symptoms caused by inner ear disease including episodic vertigo, tinnitus, fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss, and aural fullness. |
| otosclerosis | a hereditary condition of unknown cause in which irregular ossification occurring on the footplate of the stapes in the oval window results in decreased hearing acuity. |
| presbycusis | hearing loss associated with aging. |
| refractive error | a defect in the ability of the lens of the eye to focus an image accurately, such as occurs in nearsightedness and farsightedness. |
| retinal detachment | a separation of the retina from the retinal pigment epithelium in the back of the eye, allowing the vitreous humor to leak between the two layers. |
| retinopathy | the process of microvascular damage of the retina; may develop slowly or rapidly. |
| strabismus | a condition in which the patient cannot consistently focus two eyes simultaneously on the same object. |
