| A | B |
|---|
| ankylosis | stiffness or fixation of a joint usually resulting from destruction of articular cartilage and subchondral bone. |
| arthrocentesis | incision or puncture of joint capsule to obtain samples of synovial fluid from within joint cavity or to remove excess fluid: used for diagnostic purposes, to instill medications, and to remove fluid from the joints to relieve pain. |
| arthrodesis | the surgical fusion of a joint. |
| arthroplasty | surgical reconstruction or replacement of a joint. |
| arthroscopy | insertion of an arthroscope into a joint for visualization or surgery. |
| atrophy | wasting of muscle, characterized by decreased circumference and flabby appearance leading to decreased function and tone. |
| bursitis | inflammation of the bursa. |
| carpal tunnel syndrome | a condition caused by compression of the median nerve beneath the transverse carpal ligament within the narrow confines of the carpal tunnel located in the wrist. |
| compartment syndrome | a condition in which elevated intracompartmental pressure within a confined myofascial compartment compromises the neurovascular function of tissues within that space. |
| contracture | an abnormal, usually permanent condition of a joint, characterized by flexion and fixation; may be caused by atrophy and shortening of muscle fibers resulting from immobilization or by loss of the normal elasticity of connective tissues or the skin, such as from the formation of extensive scar tissue over a joint. |
| contusion | the bruising of the brain tissue within a focal area without altering the integrity of the pia mater and arachnoid layers, caused by a blow to the body and characterized by swelling, discoloration, and pain. |
| crepitation | crackling sound or grating sensation as a result of friction between bones. |
| dislocation | a severe injury of the ligamentous structures that surround a joint, resulting in the complete displacement or separation of the articular surfaces of the joint. |
| fat embolism syndrome | embolization of fat globules that occurs in a small percentage of patients with fractures: occurs most frequently in fractures of the femur, ribs, tibia and pelvis. |
| fracture | a disruption or break in the continuity of the structure of bone. |
| isometric contractions | muscular contraction that increases tension but does not produce movement. |
| isotonic contractions | muscular contraction with shortening that produces movement. |
| kyphosis | anteroposterior or forward bending of spine with convexity of curve in posterior direction; common at thoracic and sacral levels. |
| lordosis | lumbar spinal deformity resulting in anteroposterior curvature with concavity in posterior direction. |
| osteotomy | removing or adding a wedge or slice of bone to change its alignment and shift weight bearing, thereby correcting deformity and relieving pain. |
| phantom limb sensation | perception of sensations or pain in an amputated limb. |
| range of motion | degree of movement of joints. |
| repetitive strain injury | a cumulative trauma disorder resulting from prolonged, forceful, or awkward movements resulting in strain of tendons, ligaments, and muscles, causing tiny tears that become inflamed. |
| scoliosis | a lateral S-shaped curvature of the thoracic and lumbar spine. |
| sprain | an injury to ligamentous structures surrounding a joint, usually caused by a wrenching or twisting motion. |
| strain | stretching of a muscle and its fascial sheath that results from excessive use. |
| subluxation | a partial or incomplete displacement of the joint surface. |
| synovectomy | surgical removal of synovial membrane. |
| traction | the application of a pulling force to an Injured or diseased part of the body or an extremity while countertraction pulls in the opposite direction; traction devices exert a pulling force on a fractured extremity and rnay be used to reduce or immobilize a fracture: may be applied to the skin (skin traction) or to the bone (skeletal traction). |
| x-ray | the most common diagnostic study used to assess musculoskeletal problems and to monitor the effectiveness of treatment. |
