| A | B |
|---|
| Flagellum | The tail of a bacteria cell, it helps the cell to move in a liquid environment. |
| Bacillus | One of three shapes of bacteria, it is rod-shaped |
| Gel-like capsule | The most protective shell of a cell. It helps protect bacteria white blood cells and helps it stick to surfaces and for cyanobacteria to form colonies in ponds. |
| Spirillum | One of three shapes of bacteria, it is spiral-shaped. |
| Coccus | One of three shapes of bacteria, it is sphere-shaped. |
| Archaebacteria | One of two bacteria kingdoms in Classification System of Living Things. This kingdom is made up of special bacteria that is anaerobic and exists only in extreme environnments like ocean floors, salt lakes, and bogs. |
| Eubacteria | One of two bacteria kingdoms that exist in the Classification System of Living Things. The kingdom is home to a majority of bacteria species and is found everywhere, inside our bodies and out. These bacteria are both aerobic and anaerobic. Cyanobacteria is a member of this kingdom. |
| Cyanobacteria | A type of Eubacteria that is anaerobic, and can make their own food through photosynthesis. |
| Fission | An asexual type of reproduction used by a majority of bacteria. It produces two cells with genetic material exactly like a parent cell's. |
| Aerobes | Organisms that need oxygen for respiration. |
| Anaerobes | Organisms that do need oxygen to survive. |
| Methanogens | Archaebacteria that live in bogs and marshes that carbon dioxide for energy and produce methane gas. |
| Halophiles | Archaebacteria that live in salty environments like the ocean floor or salt lakes. It typically needs a salinity content greater than 10x seawater in order to survive. |
| Thermophiles | Archaebacteria that live in extremely hot environments. |
| Saprophyte | Bacteria that help maintain nature's balance. It uses dead material as a food and energy source. It is a decomposer and it recycles nutrients back into the soil, an essential role in ecosystems. |
| Nodules | A type of bacteria that live on the roots of plants and are nitrogen-fixing bacteria that turns nitogen in the air into something useful to plants. |
| Pathogen | Any organism that produces disease. |
| Antibiotic | A substance that is produced by one organism that can inhibit or kill another organism. The fungus "penicillan" has this effect on the cell walls of bacteria, in turn, making them open to lethal attacks fromour white blood cells. |
| Bacterial Vaccine | Dead bacterial cell walls that stop bacterial infections by making our body's white blood cells capable of recognizing live bacteria and killing them. |
| Toxins | The poisons produced by bacterial pathogens. |
| Botulism | A type of food poisoning that is caused by a toxin that can cause paralysis and death. It has been used in warfare as a bilogical weapon, but is now used to medically help people with muscle spasm diseases. |
| Endospore | The tough thick wall produced by pathogenic bacteria that protects it from death for up to fifty years. |
| Pasteurization | The process of heating food to kill harmful bacteria. Milk, fruit juices, and wine all go through this process. |
| Hyphae | The body of a fungus is mostly made up of these many-celled threadlike tubes. |
| Spores | Reproductive cells tthat form new organisms without fertilization. Depending how a fungus releases theses cells places it in one of the four fungi phyla. |
| Sporangia | Round spore cases found on the tips of upright hyphae on Zygote Fungi. |
| Lichen | An organism that is made of a fungus and either a green alga or a cyanobacterium. The two organismswork together to survive. |
| Basidium | Reproductive organs of Club Fungi. Typical mushrooms have these structures on the gills under the mushroom cap. |
| Ascus | Special sac-like structures found on Sac Fungi like truffles and yeast. Reprodtucive spores are located in this sac. |
| Budding | A form of asexual reproduction in which a new organism grows off the side of the parent. |
| Fungi | One of the Six Kingdoms of Living Things. Members are decomposers and are many celled and eukaryotic. Organisms in this kingdom get their food through absorbtion from living organisms and decaying organic matter. |
| Imperfect Fungi | The phyla in the fungi kingdom where reproduction has never been observed by scientists. Anexample is the antibiotic Penicillin. |
| Arctic Tundra | This type of tundra lies along the northern boundaries of Scandinavia, Siberia, Canada, Greenland, and Alaska. It is the most extreme biome or farthest away from the equator other than ice cap. |
| Alpine Tundra | This type of tundra is found along mountain tops or below glaciers. It is the most extreme (cold) biome before ice cap. |
| Permafrost | The frozen-layer of ground that lies between 1 to 3 feet below the surfacre in the tundra. |
| Caribou | Members of the deer family, they are native to Europe & Asia and are often referred to as reindeer. They travel in herds and migrate througout the year. |
| Potable | Water that is safe to drink. |
| Irrigation | A method of providing plants with water from sources other than direct precipitation. |
| Dam | A structure built across a river to control the river's flow. When the flow is stopped a "resevoir" is formed. |
| Reservoir | The body of water that is formed as a result of a dammed river. |
| Bioremediation | Using bacteria to clean up chemical waste in an environmentally safe manner. |
| Desalination | The process of removing salt from salt water so that it can be used as drinking water. This is done in Kuwait and is being planned in Australia. |
