| A | B |
|---|
| incubate | keeping bird eggs warm until they hatch |
| contour feathers | feathers that give a bird color and help them fly |
| down feathers | feathers that provide insulation |
| preening | when a bird rubs oil from its glan in this process. |
| raptors | birds of prey that are large and hunts with their talons. Examples are falcons, eagles, and ospreys. |
| flightless birds | birds that can't fly such as emus, ostriches, and kiwi. |
| songbirds | cardinals, blue jays, finches, etc. |
| mammals | endothermic vertebrates that have hair and produce milk to feed their young |
| mammary glands | these produce the milk that female animals use to feed their young |
| herbivore | animals that eat only vegatation/plants and NO meat |
| carnivore | animals that eat only meat |
| omnivores | animals that eat both meat and plants |
| monotremes | like a duck-billed platypus, these mammals are the only ones that lay eggs |
| marsupials | like kangaroos, pouched mammals that give birth to tiny, immature offspring |
| placental mammals | a majority of mammals belong to this group that has embryos that develop inside of the uterus |
| gestation period | in placental mammals, this the length of time during which the embryo develops in the uterus |
| placenta | a saclike organ developed by the growing embryo that attaches to the uterus and absorbs oxygen and food from the mother's blood |
| umbilical cord | this cord attaches the embryo to the placenta and transports the food and oxygen from the mother's blood to the embryo and gets rid of the embryo's waste product |
| reptile | An ectothermic vertebrate wwith dry, scaly skin, examples are alligators, crocodiles, snakes, turtles, and lizards. |
| amniotic egg | A type of egg that has membranes to protect and cushion the embryo, and help it get rid of wastes. It also contains a large food supply, the yolk, for the embryo to use as it develops. |
| amphibian | These animals live in the water and on the land during portions of their lives. In Greek their name means double life because they go through metamorphosis. Tadpoles to frogs is the most common example. Salamnders, toads, and frogs belong to this group. |
| hibernation | In the winter, the period of inactivity and lower metabolic needs. |
| estivation | The hot summer period when amphibians are inactive and rest during the summer. |
| dorsal hollow nerve cord | A tubular bundle of nerves that lies above the notochord. It usually develops into the spinal cord and brain in most animals. |
| notochord | A flexible, rodlike structure along the back side of an animal. All vertebrates have this. |
| chordata | The only phylum of backboned animals in the animal kingdom. Fish, birds, reptiles, amphibians and mammals are all in this phylum. |
| scales | Hard, thin, ovwerlapping plates that cover skin and protect a fish's body. |
| fins | Fanlike structures used for steering, balancing, and moving. |
| jawless fish | Lampreys and hagfish belong to this class of fish. These fish have round mouths and long, tubelike bodies covered with slimy skin and no scales. |
| bony fish | Ninety-five percent of fish species are in this class of fish. These fish have skeletons madde of bone. |
| cartilaginous fish | Fish that have a tough, flexible tissue as a skeleton instead of bone. Stingrays and sharks are the best known examples. |
| gill slits | Paired openings located in thev throat behind the mouth. All animals have this, even mammals who only have them during the gestation period. |
| endoskeleton | All vertebrates have this, also known as an internal skeleton. |
| ectotherm | A cold-blooded animal (fish, reptiles, amphibians). |
| endotherm | A warm-blooded animal (birds, mammals). |
| cartilage | a tough, flexible tissue that is not as hard as bone. Sharks have have it as their endoskeleton, and it is in our noses and ears. |
