| A | B |
|---|
| Flagellum | The tail of a bacteria cell, it helps the cell to move in a liquid environment. |
| Bacillus | One of three shapes of bacteria, it is rod-shaped |
| Gel-like capsule | The most protective shell of a cell. It helps protect bacteria white blood cells and helps it stick to surfaces and for cyanobacteria to form colonies in ponds. |
| Spirillum | One of three shapes of bacteria, it is spiral-shaped. |
| Coccus | One of three shapes of bacteria, it is sphere-shaped. |
| Archaebacteria | One of two bacteria kingdoms in Classification System of Living Things. This kingdom is made up of special bacteria that is anaerobic and exists only in extreme environnments like ocean floors, salt lakes, and bogs. |
| Eubacteria | One of two bacteria kingdoms that exist in the Classification System of Living Things. The kingdom is home to a majority of bacteria species and is found everywhere, inside our bodies and out. These bacteria are both aerobic and anaerobic. Cyanobacteria is a member of this kingdom. |
| Cyanobacteria | A type of Eubacteria that is anaerobic, and can make their own food through photosynthesis. |
| Fission | An asexual type of reproduction used by a majority of bacteria. It produces two cells with genetic material exactly like a parent cell's. |
| Aerobes | Organisms that need oxygen for respiration. |
| Anaerobes | Organisms that do need oxygen to survive. |
| Methanogens | Archaebacteria that live in bogs and marshes that carbon dioxide for energy and produce methane gas. |
| Halophiles | Archaebacteria that live in salty environments like the ocean floor or salt lakes. It typically needs a salinity content greater than 10x seawater in order to survive. |
| Thermophiles | Archaebacteria that live in extremely hot environments. |
| Saprophyte | Bacteria that help maintain nature's balance. It uses dead material as a food and energy source. It is a decomposer and it recycles nutrients back into the soil, an essential role in ecosystems. |
| Nitrogen-fixing | A type of bacteria that live on the roots of plants and are nitrogen-fixing bacteria that turns nitogen in the air into something useful to plants. |
| Pathogen | Any organism that produces disease. |
| Antibiotic | A substance that is produced by one organism that can inhibit or kill another organism. The fungus "penicillan" has this effect on the cell walls of bacteria, in turn, making them open to lethal attacks fromour white blood cells. |
| Bacterial Vaccine | Dead bacterial cell walls that stop bacterial infections by making our body's white blood cells capable of recognizing live bacteria and killing them. |
| Toxins | The poisons produced by bacterial pathogens. |
| Botulism | A type of food poisoning that is caused by a toxin that can cause paralysis and death. It has been used in warfare as a bilogical weapon, but is now used to medically help people with muscle spasm diseases. |
| Endospore | The tough thick wall produced by pathogenic bacteria that protects it from death for up to fifty years. |
| Pasteurization | The process of heating food to kill harmful bacteria. Milk, fruit juices, and wine all go through this process. |
| Bioremediation | Using bacteria to clean up chemical waste in an environmentally safe manner. |
