| A | B |
|---|
| igneous rock | a rock formed from the crystallization of magma |
| sediment | pieces of solid material that have been deposited on Earth's surface by wind, water, ice, gravity, or chemical precipitation |
| lithification | physical and chemical processes that transform sediments into sedimentary rocks |
| cementation | when mineral growth cements sediment grains together into rock |
| cross-bedding | bedding in which the particle sizes become progressively heavier and courser towards the bottom layers |
| graded bedding | bedding formed when inclined layers of sediment move forward across a horizontal surface |
| bedding | horizontal layering in sedimentary rocks |
| clastic | sediments having particles ranging in size from boulders to microscopic particles, which often have worn surfaces and rounded corners |
| clastic sedimentary rock | sedimentary rocks formed from deposits of loose sediments |
| porosity | the percentage of open spaces between grains in a rock |
| evaporite | chemical sedimentary rocks that form as a result of crystal grains precipitating out of a supersaturated body of water |
| resevoir | a subsurface area of rock that has enough porosity to allow for the accumulation of oil, natural gas, or water |
| intrusive | igneous rocks that cool slowly beneath Earth's surface |
| regional metamorphism | belts of metamorphic rock covering large regions |
| contact metamorphism | metamorphism that occurs when molten rocks come in contact with solid rock |
| hydrothermal metamorphism | metamorphism caused when very hot water reacts with rock and alters its chemistry and mineralogy |
| foliated | metamorphic rocks containing wavy layers and bands of minerals |
| nonfoliated | metamorphic rocks composed of minerals with blocky shapes |
| rock cycle | the continuous changing and remaking of rocks through external and internal processes |
