| A | B |
|---|
| Hypothesis | theory needing investigation |
| control | comparative standard in experiement. The subject not involved with the procedures affecting the rest of the experiment. "It is the standard the results are compared to. double blind, the individuals nor the researchers know who belongs to the control group and the experimental group." |
| double blind | the individuals nor the researchers know who belongs to the control group and the experimental group." |
| data | factual information in the form of figures used for making calculations or drawing conclusions. |
| sample | specimen for analysis |
| variables | differing from species norm |
| sample size | The number of units "(persons, animals, patients, specified circumstances, etc.)" in a population to be studied. The sample size should be big enough to have a high likelihood of detecting a true difference between two groups. |
| data collection | systematic gathering of data for a particular purpose from various sources |
| selectively permeable membrane | A membrane that is selectively permeable, i.e. being permeable to only certain molecules and not to all molecules." Supplement An example of such membrane is the cell membrane wherein it allows passage of only certain types of molecules by diffusion and occasionally by facilitated diffusion. |
| isotonic | with a balanced concentrations of salts and mineral |
| hypertonic | fluid that has a high osmotic pressure than another fluid |
| hypotonic | fluid that has a lower osmotic pressure than another fluid |
| homeostasis | a state of equilibrium within a cell |
| osmosis | slow change in concentration – the diffusion of a solvent through a semipermeable membrande fro a dilute to a more concentrated solution. |
| DNA | a substance [nucleic acid molecule that is the major component of chromosomes] that carries genetic information. |
| karyotype | a photomicrograph that shows the cell’s chromosomes arranged according to size and classification. |
| homologous pairs | a chromosome with the same gene sequence as another |
| alleles | a form of a gene |
| phenotype | visible characteristics of organism resulting from the interaction between the genetic makeup and the environment |
| genotype | the genetic make of of an organism |
| meiosis | process of cell division when the nucleus divides into 4 nuclei that contain ½ the usual number of chromosomes |
| dominant | the gene that controls the characteristic occurring in the offspring |
| recessive | a gene that produces its effect only when its matched with an identical alle. |
| homozygous | having to identical genes at the same loci of a homologous chromosomes |
| heterozygous | a cell or organism that has two or more different alleles on at least one of its genes |
| sister chromatids | Two identical strands joined by a common centromere as a result of a chromosome that duplicated during the S phase of the cell cycle. Sister chromatids are separated during mitosis so that the two daughter cells would have identical sets of chromosomes. |
| random alignment | the pairs of homologues at metaphase I results in new combinations of maternal and parental traits. |
| haploid | having a single set of chromosomes |
| diploid | having two matched sets of chromosome sets in the cell nucleus. |
| gamete | cell involved in sexual reproduction |
| Abiotic | non-living chemical and physical factors in the environment. |
| Kettle lake | depressions created by partially-buried glacial ice blocks as they melted. The depressions that filled with water became kettle lakes. |
| Sphagnum moss | are a mosses commonly called peat moss |
| Ombrotrophic | refers to soil or vegetation which receive all of their water and nutrients from precipitation |
| Biotic | living – relates to life and living organisms, or caused by living organisms |
| Mineral soils | Soil composed principally of mineral matter |
| Organic soils | generally have 50% living matter. Organic soil is commonly termed “peat,” if fibrous plant remains are still visible, or “muck” where plant remains are more fully decomposed. Other common names for accumulations of organic soil include bog, fen, moor, and Muskeg. Organic soils generally form in wetland areas where plant litter (roots, stems, leaves) accumulates faster than it can fully decompose. |
| Peat | deposit of organic debris – compacted and usually saturated with water. |
| Sedge zone | a wet area where plantlike grass grows. This plant has a triangular stem and leaves that grow in vertical rows and have inconspicuous spikes of flowers. (Carex spp.) form a matrix of rhizomes and roots that trap debris and provide support for the bog moss (Sphagnum spp.) Cottongrass (Eriophorum spp.) |
| Sedges | actually a sedge not a grass |
| Tree zone | Tamarack , or larch, (Larix laricina) and black spruce (Picea mariana) are the dominant trees, but several shrubs in the previous zone may occur in the understory. Sphagnum spp. also persists, some assuming different color growth form than in open areas of the mat. |
| Lagg zone | Between the tree zone and the upland soil there is often a moat of open water where little vegetation is established. Sphagnum is less abundant and usually absent from the moat. Sphagnum is intolerant of high pH water that runs off from calcareous upland soils. "In addition, shade kills some species of Sphagnum. |
| Calcareous Bog | calcium content (mainly as calcium carbonate) is distinguishable and , is not typical having a lower acidity compared to other peat bogs. |
| Primary Succession | The area that was previously bare , such as rock, where gradual growth of organisms takes place. (For example lichens, mosses, and ferns will first appear on bare rock.) |
