| A | B |
|---|
| atom | This is the smallest unit of matter that cannot be broken down by chemical means. |
| element | This is a pure substance made of only one kind of atom. |
| compound | This is a substance made of the joined atoms of two or more different elements |
| molecule | This is when two or more atoms share electrons |
| ion | An atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons |
| Cohesion | This is an attraction between substances of the same kind. |
| Adhesion | This is an attraction between different substances |
| solution | This is a mixture in which one or more substances are evenly distributed in another substance. |
| acids | Compounds that form hydrogen ions when dissolved in water are called |
| bases | These are compounds that reduce the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution are called |
| Carbohydrates | are organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in the proportion of 1:2:1. |
| monosaccharides | The building blocks of carbohydrates are single sugars, called |
| Lipids | are nonpolar molecules that are not soluble in water. |
| protein | is a large molecule formed by linked smaller molecules called amino acids. |
| Amino acids | are the building blocks of proteins. |
| nucleic acid | is a long chain of smaller molecules called |
| nucleotide | has three parts: a sugar, a base, and a phosphate group, which contains phosphorus and oxygen atoms. |
| DNA | or deoxyribonucleic acid, consists of two strands of nucleotides that spiral around each other |
| RNA | or ribonucleic acid, consists of a single strand of nucleotides. |
| ATP | or adenosine (uh DEHN uh seen) triphosphate, is a single nucleotide with two extra energy-storing phosphate groups. |
| Energy | is the ability to move or change matter |
| activation energy | The energy needed to start a chemical reaction is called |
| Enzymes | are substances that increase the speed of chemical reactions |
| substrate | A substance on which an enzyme acts during a chemical reaction is called a |
| active sites | These folds form pockets called |
