| A | B |
|---|
| Zygote | each sperm and ovum contribute 23 chromosomes |
| Genes | carried by the chromosomes |
| DNA | genes are found on strands of this |
| Dominant genes | capable of expressing their traits over other genes |
| Recessive genes | can transmit their traits only if they exist in pairs |
| Teratogens | chemical or physical substances that can cause harm on unborn child |
| Oxytocin | stimulates uterine contractions and prepares the breast for breastfeeding |
| Prostaglandins | produced by various tissues throughout the body |
| Dilation | widening of the cervix |
| Effacement | shortening and thinning of the cervix |
| Placenta | links the mother to the fetus |
| Neonate | another term for newborn |
| Apgar scale | taken at one minute and five minutes after birth |
| Posterior fontanel | closes by fourth month |
| Anterior fontanel | closes by twelfth or eighteenth month |
| Lanugo | fine hair that covers a newborn |
| Vernix caseosa | white cheese like oily covering that help protect fetus skin during pregnancy |
| Milia | small clusters of pearly white spots on the nose, chin, and forehead |
| Meconium | newborn's first stool that is green-black in color and tarry |
| Moro reflex | sudden movement or jarring of position causing extension and adduction of extremities |
| Tonic neck | when head of newborn lying on back is turned to one side, will extend arm and leg on that side |
| Rooting | when newborn's cheek is gently stroked, will turn toward that side and open mouth |
| Sucking | when newborn makes sucking movements when anything touches lips or tongue |
| Babinski | when newborn's sole is stroked toes hyperextend and fan outward |
| Palmar grasp | newborn briefly grasps any object placed in hands |
| Cooing | occur at two months |
| Babbling | occurs at three and six months |
| Weaning | done gradually one feeding at a time |
