| A | B |
|---|
| Respiration | a complex physical process of which phonation is only a part |
| Phonation | making sound |
| Three kinds of breathing | upper chest; rib/diaphragmatic; abdominal |
| The kind of breathing that you shouldn't use when you sing | upper chest |
| Clavicular breathing | shoulder breathing |
| What organs are located under the ribs? | heart and lungs |
| What organ is located underneath the diaphragm? | the stomach |
| Activity that requires you to breath in deeply and release the breath slowly. | singing |
| Costal breathing | rib breathing |
| Is rib breathing efficient or inefficient? | efficient |
| Who best benefits from rib breathing? | dancers |
| Why does abdominal breathing work well for singers? | It is the most supported form of breathing. |
| Bones are held together by | ligaments |
| Bones are moved by | muscles |
| Muscles are held to the bones with | tendons |
| How many vertebrae are there in the spine? | 24 |
| What are the three segments of the spine? | Neck, Chest, lower spine |
| What is the technical name for the neck? | cervical spine |
| What is the technical name for the chest part of the spine? | thoracic spine |
| What is the technical name for the lower part of the spine? | lumbar spine |
| What are the muscles of the ribs? | internal intercostals and external intercostals |
| Which muscles are responsible for inhaling? | external intercostals |
| Which muscles are responsible for exhaling? | internal intercostals |
| Which is the most important inspiratory (used to breathe in) muscle? | diaphragm |
| What organ is located directly below the diaphragm? | stomach |
| What organs are directly above the diaphragm? | heart and lungs |
| What is the shape of the diaphragm? | double dome |
| What are your viscera? | Your guts - stomach, small intestine, large, intestine, gall bladder, liver |
| What do the viscera do? | run your immune system |
| What are the expiratory muscles of the belly (the ones used to breathe out)? | rectus abdominis; internal obliques; external obliques;transverse abdominals |
| Where does the rectus abdominus run? | from the bottom of the pubic bone right up to the lower ribs |
| What is pancostal breathing? | breathing high right under the ribs |
| What are the bones of the spine called? | Vertebrae |
| What is synergy? | When a muscle simply holds, providing a base for the pulling of the other muscles. |
| Before you sing you must learn what? | Correct posture. |
| What 4 things are part of good posture? | 1. Head, chest and pelvis should be supported by the spine.2. Head erect (jaw free), chest high, pelvis tucked under3. Imagine you’re a puppet hanging from strings – one attached to the top of your head and one attached to your breastbone.4. You should know all the muscles involved. |
| Can shoulder muscles be used for breathing? | Yes. |
| Why can shoulder muscles be used for breathing? | Because these muscles connect the shoulders and the ribs |
| The shoulder muscles are practically all what? | Inspiratory. |
| What happens when you use your shoulder muscles to breathe? | You take in big gulps of air leaving expiration uncontrolled. |
| When would you use clavicular/shoulder/upper chest breathing? | When you’re drowning. |
| When you do diaphragmatic/abdominal breathing, what should move? | Diaphragm and abdomen. |
| When you do diaphragmatic/abdominal breathing, what shouldn't move? | Shoulders |
| What is one other kind of breathing? | Back breathing. |
| How do you do back breathing? | Enlarge the ribcage and expand the diaphragm. |
