| A | B |
|---|
| ribosomes | site of protein production |
| scanning tunneling microscope | magnifies up to 1,000,000 times |
| scanning electron microscope | can look at whole organism to see 3D shape |
| Hooke | observed cork, named cells |
| Schleiden | said that all plants made of cells |
| Schwann | said that all animals made of cells |
| cell theory | all organisms composed of cells, cells only from cells, cell is basic unit of structure and function |
| prokaryotes | no membrane bound organelles |
| eukaryotes | have membrane bound organelles |
| plasma membrane | semi-permeable, surrounds all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells |
| make up of plasma membrane | double layer of phospoholipids |
| fluid mosaic model | description of plasma membrane due to movement of proteins and phospholipids |
| hydrophobic region | water fearing inside layer |
| hydrophilic region | water loving outer layer |
| channel proteins | allow ions and small particles to enter cell, don't change shape |
| carrier proteins | allow ions and small particles to enter cell, change shape |
| cellulose | plant cell wall made of this |
| nucleus | contains chromatin |
| vacuoles | store food, enzymes, and waste |
| lysosomes | contain digestive enzymes, digest worn out cell parts |
| plastids | store starch in plants |
| chloroplasts | convert light energy to chemical energy |
| grana | stacks of thylakoids in chloroplasts |
| mitochondria | convert sugar into energy |
| active transport | uses energy to move materials against concentration gradient |
| facillitated diffusion | uses channel proteins or carrier proteins, no energy, passive transport |
| hypotonic solution | cells expand due to fewer dissolved solute particles outside |
| hypertonic solution | cells shrink due to greater concentration of dissolved solute particles outside cell |
| isotonic solution | equal number dissolved solute particles inside and outside cell |
| exocytosis | removes large particles like waste and hormones |
| endocytosis | taking large particles into the cell |
| pinocytosis | taking particles into cell by infolding of cell membrane |
| phagocytosis | taking large particles inside cell by engulfing |
| diffusion | moving from an area of high concentation to low |
| osmosis | diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane |
| cilia and flagella | aid in movement, 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules |
| centrioles | only in animal cells, 9 + 3 arrangement of microtubules |
