| A | B |
|---|
| artifacts | things such as tools, weapons, clothing that early people left behind |
| nomads | people who moved from place to place hunting and gathering food |
| civilizations | advanced societies |
| location | position on the earth's surface |
| place | in terms of their physical and human characteristics |
| region | an area with its own unifying characteristics |
| movement | migration to move from one place to another |
| ethnocentrism | belief that your culture is inherently superior to all other cultures |
| culture | all teh things that make up the people's way of life, language,art, etc. |
| economic systems | how people use available resources to satisfy their needs |
| government | people form governments to provide for common needs, ie. collect taxes, etc. |
| customs & traditions | habitual or "normal" wys of doing things |
| religion | helps people answer questions about the meaning or purpose of life |
| art & literature | reflect a culture's values & often pass on basic beliefs |
| language | used to commun icate thoughts & feelings |
| social organization | helps people to know what they are supposed to do, when, where, how and why |
| cultural diffusion | the movement of customs & ideas from one place to another |
| Paleolithic Age | earliest period of human history |
| glacier | thick sheets of ice |
| Neolithic Age | when the nomadic people started settling down & faming (stopped following food) |
| pre-history | the long period of time before people invented systems of writing |
| technology | refers to the skills 7 tools people use to meet their basic needs |
| latitude | distance north or south of the equator |
| longitude | distance east or west of the prime meridian |
| city-state | political unit that included a city and its surrounding lands and villages |
| empire | group of states or territories controlled by one ruler |
| steppes | dry grassland |
| cultural diffusion | the spread of ideas, customs & technologies from one person to another. Cultural diffusion occured through migration, trade and warfare |
| pictograph | picture writing, ie. cuneiform |
| Sumerian religion believed in | many gods |
| Hittites | fought Egyptians for many years |
| Nubians | Ramses II used gold from Nubia to pay foreign charioteers in his army |
| 3 kingdoms of Egypt: | old, Kingdom, Middle Kingdom and New kingdom |
| Who provided labor to build pyraminds? | peasants |
| Egyptian religion believed | in afterlife |
| Sumer-economy | farming, trade |
| Egypt-economy | farming, pyramids, statues making things to present to the gods |
| Egypt depended on what river | Nile |
| Sumer depended on what river? | Tigris & Euphrates |
| Sumer-government | many independent city-states |
| Egypt-government | pharaohs, theocracy |
| Two main cities of Indus Valley Civilization | Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro |
| Indus Valley located in modern-day | India |
| Winter monsoon is wet or dry? | dry |
| Summer monsoon is wet or dry? | wet |
| caste | intraditional Indian society, unchangeable social groups into which a person is born |
| 3 classes of Aryan society | Brahmins (priests), kshatriyas (warriors) & the Vaisyas (herders) |
| Geography of China | high mountains, deserts, thick jungles |
| another name for Huang He river | Yellow |
| Yellow river gets its name from | loess which is yellow silt. |
| "River of Sorrows" | Huang He |
| Define yin and yang | everything in nature reflected a delicate balance |
| dynastic cycle | the changes in dynasties |
| Names of the two Indian empires | Maurya and Gupta |
| Confucianism | believed people were naturally good |
| another belief of Confucianism | 5 relationships |
| Golden Rule | believed by followers of Confucianism |
| Legalism | the nature of man is evil |
| Daoism | sought to live in harmony with nature |
| Qin Dynasty | Emperor Chin Shi Huangdi |
| Fertile Crescent | the land between the Tigris and Euphrates River |
| Vedas | a collection of writings about the Aryans |
| Mandate of Heaven | the right to rule was a right from god |
| enlightenment | understanding |
| prosperity | wealth |
| karma | all of the actions of a person's life that affect his or her next life |
| rudder | a device used to steer ships |
| revolted | rebelled |
| acupuncture | a treatment with needles to reduce pain |
