| A | B |
|---|
| narcissism | extreme self-centeredness |
| self-fulfillment | commitment to the development of one's talents and potential |
| internalization | process by which a norm becomes a part of one's personality |
| positive sanctions | sanctions that take the form of rewards |
| negative sanctions | punishments or threats of punishment used to enforce conformity to norms |
| informal sanction | spontaneous expression of approval or disapproval |
| social control | enforcing norms through either sanctions or internalization |
| formal sanction | reward or punishment given by an organization or regulatory body such as the government, police, a corporation, or school |
| sanctions | rewards or punishments used to enforce conformity to norms |
| social movement | when people make a long-term conscious effort to promote or prevent social change |
| diffusion | spreading of culture traits from one society to another |
| Robin Williams | sociologist who outlined a set of values central to the American way of life |
| Christopher Lasch | sociologist who considered the emphasis on self-fulfillment a personality disorder |
| humanitarianism | value - helping those who are less fortunate |
| morality | value - world viewed in terms of right and wrong |
| freedom | belief in personal choice and little direct government interference in daily life |
| personal achievement | value - most evident in employment and often measured by power and wealth |
| democracy | value - belief that citizens have the right to participate in choosing their representatives to government |
| efficiency | value - ability to get things done |
| progress and material comfort | value - belief in ability of science to make the world a better place |
