| A | B |
|---|
| telophase | The fifth and final stage of mitosis, in which daughter nuclei are forming and cytokinesis has typically begun. |
| mitotic spindle | An assemblage of microtubules and assosciated proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis. |
| kinetochore | A specialized region on the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle. |
| metaphase plate | The third stage of mitosis, in which the spindle is complete and the chromosomes, attached to microtubules at their kinetochore, are all aligned at the metaphase plate. |
| cleavage furrow | The process in cytokinesis in animal cells, characterized by pinching of the plasma membrane. Also, the succession of rapid cell divisions without growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into a ball of cells. |
| cell plate | A double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell, between between which the new cell wall forms during cytokinesis |
| cell-cycle control system | A cyclically operating set of molecules in the cell that triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle |
| checkpoint | A critical control point in the cell cycle where stop and go-ahead signals can regulate the cycle |
| G0 Phase | A nondividing state in which a cell has left the cell cycle. |
| cyclin | A regulatory protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically |
| cyclin-dependent kinase | A protein kinase that is only active when attached to a particular cyclin |
| MPF | Maturation-Promoting factor; a protein complex required for a cell to progress from late interphase to mitosis. The active form consists of cyclin and a protein kinase. |
| growth factor | A protein that must be present in the extracellular environment for the growth and normal development of certain types of cells; a local regulator that acts on nearby cells to stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation |
| density-dependent inhibition | The phenomenon observed in normal animal cells that causes them to stop dividing when them come into contact with one another. |
| anchorage dependence | The requirement that to divide, a cell must be attached to the substratum. |
| transformation | (1) The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell. (2) A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by cell. |
| tumor | A collection of cells uncontrollably going through cell cycle. |
| benign tumor | A mass of abnormal cells remains at the site of origin. |
| malignant tumor | A cancerous tumor that is invasive enough to impair the functions of one or more organs. |
| metastasis | The spread of cancer cells to locations distant from their original state. |
| What is this a picture of? | Cell Cycle |
| Cell Division | One Parent Becomes Two Daughters |
| All of the genetic & hereditary information of an organism | Genome |
| Somatic Cells | Any type of cell that makes up the body. |
| Cells that fuse with each other during fertilization | Gametes (Germline Cells) |
| Chromatin | Make up Chromosomes. Conatins DNA and Proteins. Found in the Nucleus. |
| Sister Chromotids | The identical parts of a chromosome. The tops and bottom parts that are connected by the cetromere |
| Centromere | The region the sister chromotids are connected. Where spindle fibers are attached. |
| What is this a picture of? | Cell Cycle |
| Cell Division | One Parent Becomes Two Daughters |
| Genome | All of the genetic & hereditary information of an organism |
| Somatic Cells | Any type of cell that makes up the body. |
| Gametes (Germline Cells) | Cells that fuse with each other during fertilization |
| Chromatin | Make up Chromosomes. Conatins DNA and Proteins. Found in the Nucleus. |
| Sister Chromotids | The identical parts of a chromosome. The tops and bottom parts that are connected by the cetromere |
| Centromere | The region the sister chromotids are connected. Where spindle fibers are attached. |
| Mitosis | the process of a eukaryotic cell seperating its chromosomes in the nucleus to form two nuclei. Results in two identical daughter cells |
| Cytokinesis | Happens dirrectly after Mitosis. Considerd a part of Telophase. The seperation of the cytoplasm and the creation of two seperate cells. In plant cells, it involves a formation of a cell plate. |
| Meiosis | The division of gametes. Results in 4 non-identical daughter cells. |
| What is this a picture of? | Cell Cycle |
| Cell Division | One Parent Becomes Two Daughters |
| Genome | All of the genetic & hereditary information of an organism |
| Somatic Cells | Any type of cell that makes up the body. |
| Gametes (Germline Cells) | Cells that fuse with each other during fertilization |
| Chromatin | Make up Chromosomes. Conatins DNA and Proteins. Found in the Nucleus. |
| Sister Chromotids | The identical parts of a chromosome. The tops and bottom parts that are connected by the cetromere |
| Centromere | The region the sister chromotids are connected. Where spindle fibers are attached. |
| Mitosis | the process of a eukaryotic cell seperating its chromosomes in the nucleus to form two nuclei. Results in two identical daughter cells |
| Cytokinesis | Happens dirrectly after Mitosis. Considerd a part of Telophase. The seperation of the cytoplasm and the creation of two seperate cells. In plant cells, it involves a formation of a cell plate. |
| Meiosis | The division of gametes. Results in 4 non-identical daughter cells. |
