| A | B |
|---|
| algorithms (al´go-rith´mz) | Systematic patterns of reasoning that guarantee finding a correct solution to a problem. |
| cognition | The intellectual processes through which information is obtained |
| concepts(kon´septs) | Categories of things, events, and qualities that are linked together by a common feature or features, in spite of their differences. |
| convergent thinking | Thinking that is logical and conventional and that focuses on a problem. |
| creativity | The ability to make human products and ideas (such as symphonies or solutions to social problems) that are both novel and valued by others. |
| crystallized intelligence | The ability to use previously learned skills to solve familiar problems. |
| deep structure | The underlying structure of a statement that holds its meaning. |
| deviation IQ | The intelligence quotient based on the degree of deviation from average of the person's score on an intelligence test. |
| divergent thinking | Thinking that is loosely organized, only partially directed, and unconventional. |
| fluid intelligence | The ability to learn or invent new strategies to deal with new problems. |
| framing | The way in which a problem or question is presented. |
| g | A broad general factor of intelligence, a concept endorsed by some investigators of intelligence. |
| generative (jen´e-ra´´tiv) | The ability to create an infinite set of utterances using a finite set of elements and rules. |
| heuristics | Efficient problem-solving strategies that do not guarantee a correct solution. |
| intelligence quotient (IQ) | A numerical value of intelligence derived from the results of an intelligence test. |
| intelligence(in-tel´i-jens) | The cognitive abilities of an individual to learn from experience, to reason well, and to cope with the demands of daily living. |
| language | A symbolic code used in communication. |
| linguistic relativity hypothesis | The idea that the structure of a language may influence the way individuals think. |
| mental set | A habitual way of approaching or perceiving a problem. |
| morphemes(mor´fe¯m) | The smallest units of meaning in a language. |
| normal distribution | The symmetrical pattern of scores on a scale in which a majority of the scores are clustered near the center and a minority are at either extreme. |
| norms | Standards (created by the scores of a large group of individuals) used as the basis of comparison for scores on a test. |
| objectivity | Lack of subjectivity in a test question so that the same score is produced regardless of who does the scoring. |
| phonemes(fo¯´ne¯m) | The smallest units of sound in a language. |
| problem solving | The cognitive process through which information is used to reach a goal that is blocked by some obstacle. |
| ratio IQ | The intelligence quotient based on the ratio between the person's mental age and chronological age. |
| reliability | A test's ability to produce similar scores if the test is administered on different occasions or by different examiners. |
| representativeness heuristic | The strategy of making judgments about the unknown on the assumption that it is similar to what we know. |
| semantic content | The meaning in symbols |
| standardization | Administering a test in the same way to all individuals. |
| surface structure | The superficial spoken or written structure of a statement. |
| syntax(sin´taks) | The grammatical rules of a language. |
| tacit intelligence | The practical knowledge and skills needed to deal with everyday problems that are usually not taught in school. |
| trial and error | The random application of one possible solution after another. |
| validity | The extent to which a test measures what it's supposed to measure. |
