| A | B |
| buffer | an area of land that serves as a barrier |
| borderlands | areas of land on or near the borders of two adjoining countries, colonies or regions |
| presidio | a fort |
| permanent | long-lasting |
| scarce | not plentiful |
| hacienda | a large estate |
| self-sufficient | self-sufficient |
| mission | a small religious community founded by a church |
| royal colony | a colony ruled by a monarch |
| portage | the carrying of canoes and supplies around waterfalls and rapids or overland between waterways |
| tributary | a stream or river that feeds into a larger river |
| proprietary colony | a colony that was ruled by one or more proprietors appointed by a monarch |
| proprietor | an owner |
| charter | a document giving a person or group official approval to take a certain action |
| cash crop | a crop that people raise to sell rather than to use themselves |
| refuge | a safe place |
| Puritan | a member of the Church of England who wanted to "purify" its practices |
| Fundamental Orders | The first written system of government in North America, adopted in Connecticut |
| immigrant | a person who comes to live in a country from another country |
| indigo | a plant from which blue dye is made |
| debtor | a person who owes money |
| classify | to sort by topic |