| A | B |
|---|
| 85-95% have what type of HTN | essential/primary |
| secondary hypertension | has specfic cause |
| white coat htn | how nervous, stress related |
| isolate systolic htn (ISH) | panic attac, diastolic elevated not systolic |
| nonmodifiable risk factos | family history, age, gender |
| modifiable risk factors | stress, obesity, nutrients, substance abuse |
| htn defined as what systolic # | greater than 140 |
| htn defined as what diastolic # | equal or greater to 90 |
| Blood pressure = | Cardiac output x PVR |
| Cardiac output | heart rate x stroke volume |
| secondary htn known causes | renal disease, adrenal disease, medications (OBCP's), acute stress, cushings, foods high in Na & fat |
| what and where are the stabilizing mechanisms | arterial baroreceptors & chemoreceptors..in carotid sinuses, aorta, wall of LV. |
| Fluid volume regulators (kidneys) do what? | excess of Na, BP increases, increase CO, kidneys diuresis, BP goes down |
| Renin-Angiotensin system. Angiotensin I does what? | converts to angiotensin II and then III |
| Angiotensin II & III action | strong vasocontrictors, control aldosterone release, Na retention |
| Vascular regulation - auto regulation | keep perfusion of tissues constant. |
| manifestations of htn | headache, fatigue, dizziness, palpitations, flushing, blurred vision, epistaxis |
| when checking pt. should: | rest for 15 min, no caffiene, smoking, exercise past 30 min |
| most common complication of htn | heart attack |
| outcome management | control bp, lifestyle mod, weight reduction, diet changes, no smoking, K supplement, drugs |
| Urgency Hypertensive crises | ACE inhibitors, adrenergic inhibitors, calcium antagonists, |
| Emergency htn crises | Vasodilators, adrenergic inhibitors |
| goal of crises treatment | reduce mean arterial pressure |
| formula for MAP | diastolic x 2 + systolic, dived by 3 |
| malignant HTN characteristics | severe, progressive, diastolic of 110-120 |
| malignant htn s/s | morning headaches, blurred vision, dyspnea, uremia symptoms |
| malignant htn treatment | admission to ICU and IV antihypertensives nipride, NTG, & beta-blockers |
| drugs for htn | diuretics, acei, arb, beta-blockers, Ca++CB- |
| syncope | response to antihypertensives, postural hypotension, temporary loss of consciousness/posture |
