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| Cell Theory | All organisms are made of cells. All existing cells are produced by other living cells. The cell is the most basic unit of life |
| Cytoplasm | Is a jellylike substance that contains dissolved molecular building blocks such as proteins and nuclei acids |
| Organelles | Structures specialized to preform distinct processes within a cell |
| Prokaryotic Cell | Do not have a nucleus of other membrane-bound organelles |
| Eukaryoti Cell | Have a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles |
| Cytoskeleton | A network of proteins that is constantly changing to met the needs of a cell |
| Nucleus | Is the storehouse of most of the genetic information, or DNA |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | Is an interconnected network of thin folded membrans |
| Ribosomes | Tiny organelles that link amino acids together to form proteins |
| Golgi Apparatus | Consists of closely layered stacks of membrane-enclosed spaces that process, sort, and deliver proteins |
| Vesicles | Are a general name used to describe small membrane-bound sacs that divide some materials from the rest of the cytoplasm and transport these materials from place to place with in the cell |
| Mitochondria | Supply energy to the cell |
| Vacuole | Is a fluid-filled sac used for the storage of materials needed by a cell |
| Lysomes | Are membrane-bound organelles that contain enzymes |
| Centrioles | Are cylinder-shaped organelles made of short microtubles arranged in a circle |
| Cell wall | A rigid layer that gives protection, support and shape to the cell |
| Chloroplasts | Are organelles that carry out photosynthesis |
| Cell membrane | Form a boundary between a cell and the outside environment and controls the passage of material into and out of a cell |
| Phospholipid | Is a molecule composed of three basic parts: 1. A charged phosphate group 2. Glycerol 3. Two fatty acid chains |
| Selective permeability | It allows some, but not all, materials to cross |
| Receptor | Is a protein that detects a single molecule and performs an action in response |
| passive transport | movement of molecules across the cell membrane without energy input from the cell. |
| diffusion | movement of dissolved molecules in a fluid or gas from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. |
| concentration gradient | difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another. |
| osmosis | diffusion of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration. |
| isotonic | solution that has an equal concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution. |
| hypertonic | solution that has a higher concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution. |
| hypotonic | solution that has a lower concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution. |
| facilitated diffusion | diffusion of molecules assisted by protein channels that pierce a cell membrane. |
| active transport | energy-requiring movement of molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. |
| endocytosis | uptake of liquids or large molecules into a cell by inward folding of the cell membrane. |
| phagocytosis | uptake of a solid particle into a cell by engulfing the particle. |
| exocytosis | release of substances out of a cell by the fusion of a vesicle with membrane. |
