| A | B |
|---|
| desertification | Any change of fertile land into desert |
| delta | A triangle-shaped area of islands and marshes at the mouth of a river |
| silt | Fine bits of rock and soil carried or deposited by water |
| predict | To tell what will happen ahead of time |
| cataract | a waterfall or a place where water runs fast over rocks |
| dynasty | A series of rulers from the same family |
| pharaoh | A ruler of ancient Egypt |
| edict | A command |
| hieroglyphics | A writing system in which pictures or symbols stand for ideas, objects, or sounds. |
| papyrus | A paperlike material used by Egyptians for writing; made from weeds grow in the Nile River |
| pyramid | A tomb for the dead, often for a dead ruler |
| mummy | A preserved body |
| peasant | A poor person who lives on and farms land |
| obelisk | An ancient stone monument |
| annex | To take over |
| independence | Complete freedom |
| trading network | A group of buyers and sellers |
| Amenhotep | pharaoh who urged Egyptians to worship one god, Aton |
| Memphis | ancient Egyptian capital built by King Narmer on the Nile in N. Egypt |
| Hatshepsut | Female Egyptian pharaoh who expanded Egyptian trade routes |
| Inundation | time in late spring when rising waters of the Nile flooded the land |
| Emergence | time in late summer when waters of the Nile reached a peak and began to leave the fields, planting time |
| Drought | dry time in the middle of winter, harvesting time |
| Nubia | ancient land in Africa that extended along the Nile River from Egypt's southern border |
| Kush | ancient Nubian kingdom which was often in conflict with Egypt |
| King Narmer | ruler who united the Two Lands of Egypt and founded the capital city of Memphis |
| Hyksos | migrant groups from central Asia conquered Egypt with horses, war chariots and new weapons, ruled for 100 years |
