| A | B |
|---|
| Atoms | the building blocks of matter. |
| Nucleus | neutrons and protons are located at the center of the atom |
| Protons | positively charged particles( p+) |
| Neutrons | partcles that have no charge |
| Electrons | negatively charged particles that are located outside the nucleus(e-) |
| Element | a pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by physical or chemical bonds |
| Isotopes | Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons |
| Compound | A pure substance formed when 2 or more different elements combine |
| Convalent Bond | The chemical bond that forms when electrons are shared. |
| Molecule | A compound in which the atoms are held together by convalent bonds |
| Ion | An atoms that is negatively or positively charged because it has lost or gained more electrons |
| Ionic Bond | Electrical attraction between two oppositely chargeed atoms or groups of atoms. |
| Van der wals forces | Attractive forces between molecules |
| Chemical reaaction | the process by which atoms or groupd of atoms in substances are reorganizedinto different substances. |
| Reactants | the starting substances |
| Products | the substances formed during the reaction |
| Activation energy | The minimun amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction. |
| Catalyst | a substance that lowers the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction. |
| Enzymes | biologican catalysts that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in biological processes |
| substrates | the reactants that bind to the enzyme |
| active site | the specifis location where a substrate binds on an enzyme |
| Polar molecules | molecules that have an unequal distribution of charges. |
| Hydrogen bond | a weak interaction involving a hydrogen atom and flourine,oxygen,or nitrogen atom |
| Mixture | a combination of 2 or more substances in which each substance retains its individual characteristis and properties |
| Solution | another name for a homegeneous mixture |
| Solvent | a substance in which another substance is dissolved |
| Solute | The substance that is dissolved in the solvent |
| Acids | Substances that release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water |
| Bases | Similarly substances that release hydroxide ions when disolved in water |
| pH | the measure of concentration of H+ in a solution |
| Buffers | mixtures that can react with acids or bases to keep the pH within a particular range |
| Macromolecules | large molecules that are formed by joining smaller organic molecules together. |
| Polymers | molecules made from repeation units of identical or nearly identical compounds called monomers that are linked together by a series of convalent bonds |
| Carbohydrates | compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a ratio's of one oxygen and 2 hydrogen atoms for carbon atom |
| Lipids | molecules made mostly of carbon hydrogen that make up the fats,oils, and waxes |
| Proteins | a compound made of small carbon compounds called amino acids |
| Amino acids | carbon cmopound joined by peptide bonds;building blocks of proteins |
| Nuclei acids | complex macromolecule that stores and communicates genetic information |
| nucleotides | a subunit of nuclie acid formed from a simple sugar |
