| A | B |
|---|
| matter | anything that has mass and takes up space |
| substance | matter that cannot be separated by physical processes; includes elements and compounds; ratio is always the same |
| element | all the atoms in the substance are the same |
| compound | combination of 2 or more substances |
| mixture | made of 2 or more substances that can be separated by physical processes; ratio is not fixed |
| homogeneous mixture | evenly mixed |
| solution | another name for a homogeneous mixture |
| heterogenous mixture | unevenly mixed |
| suspension | fluid mixture where particles settle out |
| colloid | heterogeneous mixture that looks homogeneous and never settles out |
| volume | amount of space occupied by matter |
| meniscus | curved surface formed naturally by a liquid in a container |
| derived unit | formed by the combination of several units |
| displacement | process of finding the volume of an irregular solid using a graduated cylinder and water |
| mass | amount of matter in an object |
| indirect measurement | method of finding a measurement of a substance using proportions based on substances that are easily measureable |
| kinetic theory of matter | states that all matter is made up of tiny particles that are in constant motion |
| average kinetic energy | the average "speed" that all particles in a substance are moving; measured using temperature |
| thermal energy | another name for average kinetic energy |
| a.k.e. | abbreviation for average kinetic energy |
| thermal expansion | the characteristic of all matter that causes it to expand when heated and contract when cooled |
| melting point | temperature where substance begins to melt |
| heat of fusion | exact amount of energy needed to cause melting |
| boiling point | temperature where substance begins to boil |
| heat of vaporization | exact amount of energy needed to cause boiling |
| plasma | most common form of matter; gaslike mixture of charged particles that exists at extremely high temperatures |
| sublimation | process where a solid changes state directly to a gas |
| Tyndell Effect | the scattering of light by particles in a colloid |
| condensation | change of state from a gas to a liquid |
| evaporation | change in state from a liquid to a gas; cooling process |
