| A | B |
|---|
| Differentiation | process by which specialized cells and tissues develop from common, unspecialized ancestor cells, such as stem cells. |
| Embryonic stem cells | Stem cells obtained from a blastocyst. |
| blastocyst | hollow ball of "pluripotent" cells |
| Gene | The basic unit of inheritance; control the production of proteins. |
| Stem cells | Unspecialized cells that are able to divide indefinitely; have the potential to develop into different types of cells |
| Pluripotent stem cell | Potential to be most cell types |
| Totipotent stem cell | Potential to become ANY cell type |
| Multipotent stem cell | potential to become a limited number of cell types |
| Adult stem cells | Undifferentiated cells found in a differentiated tissue; can give rise to all the specialized cell types of the tissue from which they originated. |
| zygote | a "totipotent" fertilized egg |
| ectoderm | germ layer that becomes skin and nerve tissue |
| mesoderm | germ layer that becomes blood,muscle,bone,heart,circulatory system |
| endoderm | germ layer that becomes lungs,gut,bladder,glands |
| induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS) | adult cells "forced" into becoming embryonic stem cells |
| progenitor cell | partially specialized; daughter cells may differentiate into several cell types |
| somatic stem cell | adult stem cells; not abundant |
