| A | B |
|---|
| assembly line | in a factory, an arrangment in which a product is moved from worker to worker, with each person performing a single task in its manufacture. |
| penal colony | a colony to which convicts are sent as an alternative to prison. |
| home rule | a control over internal matters granted to the residents of a region by a ruling government. |
| secede | to withdraw formally from an association or alliance. |
| anti-semitsm | prejudice against jews. |
| enclosure | one of the fenced in or hedged- in fields created by wealthy British landowners on land that was formerly worked by village framers. |
| psychology | the study of the human mind and human behavior. |
| Crop Rotation | the system ofgrowing a differnet crop in a field each year to preserve the fertility of the land. |
| Chartist movement | a 19th century British movement in which members of the working classs demanded reforms in Parliment and in elections, including suffrage for all men. |
| capitlism | an economic system based on private ownership and on the investment of money in business ventures in order to make a profit. |
| Union | an association of workers, fromed to bargin for better working conditions and higher wages. |
| factors of production | the resources- including land, labo, and capital- that are needed to produce goods and services. |
| collective bargaining | negotiations between workers and their employers. |
| factory | a large building which machinery is used to manufacture goods. |
| Third Republic | A republic that was established after the downfall of Napoleon the 3rd and ended with German occupation of France during World War two. |
| urbanization | the growth of cities and the migration of people into them. |
| radioactivity | a form of energy released as atoms decay. |
| Dreyfus Affair | a cintriversy in France in the 1890's, centering on the trial and imprisonment of a Jewish army officer, Captain Alfred Dreyfus, who had been falsely accused of selling military secrets to Germany. |
| Corporation | a business owned by stockholders who share in its profits, but are not personally responsible for its debts. |
| dominion | in the British Empire, a nation (such as Canada) allowed to govern its own domestic affairs. |
| communism | an economic system in which all means of production-land, mines, factories, railroads, and businesses- are owned by the people, private property does not exist-and all goods & services are shared equally. |
| middle class | a social class made up of skilled workers, professionals, business people, and wealthy farmers. |
| industrialization | the development of industries for a machine production of goods. |
| utilitarianism | the theory, proposed by Jeremy Bentham in the late 1700s, that gov't actions are useful only if they promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people. |
| aboriginee | a member of any of the native peoples of Australia. |
| maon | a member of a polynesian people who settled in new Zealand around AD 800. |
| zionism | a movement founded in the later 1890s to promote the establishment of a Jewish homeland in palestine. |
| strike | to refuse to work in order to force and employer to meet certain demands. |
| industrial revolution | the shift, beginning in England during the 18th century, from making goods by hand to making them by machine. |
| suffrage | the right to vote. |
| socialism | an economic system in which the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all people. |
| laissez faire | the idea that government should not interfere with or regulate industries and businesses. |
| segregation | the legal or social separatoin of people of different races. |
| emancipation proclamation | a declaration issued by US president Abraham Lincoln in 1862, stating that all slaves in the confederate states were free. |
| theory of evolution | the idea, proposed by Charles Darwin in 1859, that species of plants and animals arise by means of a process of natural selection. |
| entrepreneur | a person who organizes manages, and takes on the risk of a business. |
| manifest destiny | the idea, popular among mid-19th century Americans, that it was the right and the duty of the US to rule North America from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. |
