| A | B |
|---|
| Maslow | a humanist who created a pyramid known as the "hierarchy of needs," and theorized that people must fulfill lower order needs before moving on to higher order needs |
| Freud | the "father of psychoanalysis," he based most of his theories on what he observed about his patients and his own life; patients could be cured of neuroses by talking about their pasts |
| Jung | a student of Freud's, he created his own branch of psychoanalysis focusing on the subconscious and the symbols that are shared by the collective unconscious |
| Skinner | one of the earliest behaviorists, he experimented mainly on pigeons; he created boxes with switches and levers for animals and babies to push in response to stimuli |
| Pavlov | he is most famous for an experiment on dogs' salivation; he discovered that a reflex could be learned; he called this conditioning |
| Piaget | a famous developmental psychologist; he studied his own children in order to categorize detailed stages of child development |
| hierarchy of needs | this pyramid, created by Maslow, has physiological needs on the bottom, followed by safety needs, then love and belonging, then esteem, and finally, self-actualization on top |
| self-actualization | the top need in Maslow's hierachy, only 2% of the world's population ever manage to fulfill the bottom four needs in order to be able to reach this one |
| subconsious | the part of the brain that holds all our unacknowledged fears and desires |
| neurosis | a mental disorder, for instance a phobia, which Freud considered to be rooted in someone's past |
| behaviorism | the branch of psychology focused only on the outward actions of a person; it includes conditioning |
| psychoanalysis | the branch of psychology concerned with a person's past and relationship to their parents; it often focuses on the subconscious |
| humanism | a branch of psychology that focuses on the whole person, looking at issuesof free will, personal growth, self-actualization, etc. |
| Gestalt therapy | an approach within humanism that says that people experience things as unified wholes; they do not break down experiences into parts |
| existentialist psychology | an approach within humanism that differs in that it has a neutral view of human nature and a relatively positive assessment of anxiety |
| cognitivism | a branch of psychology that focuses on mental processes including how people think, perceive, remember, and learn. |
| operant conditioning | a form of learning that deals with voluntary behavior, as opposed to reflexes |
| developmental psychology | the scientific study of systematic psychological changes that occur in human beings over the course of their life span; this includes child psychology |
| biopsychosocial model | assumes that any given behavior or mental process affects and is affected by dynamically interrelated biological, psychological, and social factors |
| collective unconscious | this expresses itself in symbols through dreams and visions; most of these symbols and visions are similar across cultures |
