| A | B |
|---|
| emigrant | people who leave a country |
| immigrant | people who settle in a new country |
| steerage | cheapest deck on a ship |
| push factors | reasons why people left their countries- examples: population growth, agricultural changes, crop failures, industrial revolution, and religious and political turmoil |
| famine | severe food shortage |
| prejudice | negative opinion not based on fact |
| nativist | native-born Americans who wanted to eliminate foreign influence |
| Germans | largest immigrant group in the 1800s |
| artisan | skilled worker |
| pull factors | reasons why people chose the US - freedom, economic opportunity, and abundant land |
| Know-Nothing Party | against immigrants |
| revival | meeting to awaken religious faith |
| Second Great Awakening | renewal of religious faith in the 1790s and the early 1800s |
| temperance movement | campaign to stop the drinking of alcohol |
| labor union | group of workers who band together to seek better working conditions |
| strike | stopping work to demand better conditions |
| Horace Mann | called the "Father of US Education"; head of the first state board of education in the US in Massachusetts |
| Dorothea Dix | social activist who fought to improve the care of the mentally ill |
| utopia | ideal society |
| Shakers | shared their goods with one another, vowed not to have children but adopted, vowed also not to marry |
| abolition | movement to stop slavery |
| Frederick Douglass | escaped slavery, was taught illegally to read and write, wrote about personal experience of being a slave |
| Sojourner Truth | escaped slavery and gave moving speeches sharing personal experiences |
| Underground Railroad | series of escapes routes from the South to the North |
| Harriet Tubman | famous 'conductor' of the Underground Railroad |
| Henry Brown | escaped slavery by being shipped in a wooden box to the North |
| William Lloyd Garrison | puplished an antislavery newspaper |
| Irish potato famine | killed 1 million people |
| Liberator | to free others/Garrison's newspaper |
| David Walker | pamphlet for slaves to revolt |
| Slaves | forbidden to learn how to read |
| Lowell Mill workers | first to strike |
| businessmen & women | temperance movement |
| German immigrants | brought customs to America |
| Scandinavian immigrants | settled in Midwest |
| population growth | Push factor |
| Agricultural changes | Push factor |
| Crop failures | Push factor |
| Industrial Revolution | Push factor |
| Religious turmoil | Push factor |
| Wanted to kill the king | Push factor |
| Freedom | Pull fctor |
| Economic Opportunity | Pull factor |
| Abundant Land | Pull factor |
| Immigrants caused | overcrowded cities |
