| A | B |
|---|
| dilated arterioles leads to | decreased afterload |
| decreased afterload leads to | increased cardiac output, increased tissue pefusion and decreased cardiac workload |
| dilated veins leads to | decreased preload |
| decreased preload leads to | decreases ventricular contraction, decreased cardiac workload, decreased tissue perfusion |
| indications for vasodilators | htn, angina, heart failure, mi, pvd, pulm htn, hypertensive crisis, pheochromocytoma |
| adverse effects of vasodilators | orhtostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia, volume expansion, |
| direct dilation of arterioles in this med, acts on vascular smooth muscle | hydralazine |
| uses of hydralazine | essential htn, hyptertensive crisis, heart failure |
| adverse effects of hydralazine | headache, dizziness, fatigue, increased volume, reflex tachycardia, SLE type symptoms |
| direct vasodilation of arterioles, more intesnse than hydralazine | minoxidil |
| can worsen angina; hypertrichosis; rare pericardial effusion | minoxidil side effects |
| minoxidil | used in mostly "severe" htn |
| effects of minoxidil on vascular smooth muscle | opens up K channels, influx of K into cells reduces ability to contract |
| used for htn emergencies, selective arteriole dilation | diazoxide |
| hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, n, v | diazoxide side effects |
| fastest acting antihypertensive agent; drug of choice for htn emergencies | sodium nitroprusside 1 |
| potent venous & arterial vasodilator, immediate onset | sodium nitroprusside 2 |
| mode of use of sodium nitrorusside | IV only |
| side effects of sodium nitroprusside | quick onset is cyanide poisoning; later can get thiocyanate toxicity |
| how to minimize side effects of sodium nitroprusside | coadministration of thiosulfate, use for short period of time, avoid in hepatic insufficency |
| dilate arterioles & veins | ACE inhibitors & ARBs |
| dilate veins | organic nitrates |
| dilate arterioles only | calcium channel blockers |
| examples of sympatholytic | alphaadrenergic blockers, gangiolinic blocker, centrally acting agents, adrenergic neuron blocking agents |
| alpha adrenergic blocking agents do this: | dilate arterioles & veins |
| gnaglionic blocking agents do thi: | prevent sympathetic stimulation of arterioles & veins, thus producing vasodilation |
| adrenergic neuron blocking agents do this: | not used often due to side effects of blocking norephinephrine |
| examples of adrenergic neuron blcoking agents: | reserpine |
| centrally acting atgents do thi: | inhibit impulses along sympathetic nerves |
| examples of centrally acting agents | clonidine, methyldopa |
