| A | B |
|---|
| simile | comparison of two things that uses the words like or as |
| metaphor | direct comparison between two things without using like or as |
| analogy | extended simile or metaphor that shows how two things are similar in two or more ways |
| personification | type of figurative language that gives human characteristics to something nonhuman |
| hyperbole | exaggeration |
| oxymoron | expresion that combines contradictory words (ex. organized chaos) |
| idiom | expression that means something different from the literal definition of the words in the expression |
| symbolism | use of an object to represent something else |
| irony | use of language that is opposite of what is actually meant or an outcome in a situation that is the opposite of what is expressed |
| situational irony | exists when the outcome is the opposite of expectations |
| dramatic irony | occurs when the reader or the audience knows something important that a character doesn't know |
| verbal irony | a person saying the opposite of what is meant |
| paradox | situation or a statement that contains seemingly contradictory ideas |
| allusion | indirect reference to a person, a piece of literature, a historical event, or another familiar thing |
| imagery | words that appeal to the reader's senses |
| alliteration | repetition of similar sounds at the beginning of words |
| assonance | repetition of similar vowel sounds |
| onomatopoeia | use of a word that imitates a sound |
| rhythm | patters of beat using accented and unaccented syllables |
| rhyme | same or similar sounds at the end of words |
| repetition | use of the same word or words |
| round character | a character with lots of details and traits |
| flat character | a character with very few details |
| dynamic character | a character who changes throughout the story |
| statice character | a character who has no change throughout the story |
| protagonist | main character |
| antagonist | against the protagonist |
| tone | the author's attitude towards the work |
| mood | the readers's feeling towards the work |
| exposition | setting giving you background information |
| rising action | the action building up to the climax |
| climax | the highest point of interest in a literary work |
| falling action | events following the climax of the story |
| resolution | end or solution of the conflict |
| theme | general idea, main idea, main point |
| conflict | the problem, the struggle between opposing forces |
| setting | the time and place |
| characterization | act of creating and developing a character |
| expository | gives information, explains, informs, or presents information |
| narrative | a story told in ficiton, non-fiction, poetry, and drama |
| atmosphere | overall feeling in a literary work or passage |
| suspense | makes a reader want to keep reading |
| foreshadowing | clues that suggest events that have yet to occur |
| formal language | proper language in a writing |
| informal language | improper language in writing |
| point of view | the perspective from which the story is told |
| 1st person point of view | everything happens through the narrator's eyes AND the narrator is a part of the story |
| 3rd person omiscient point of view | author tells what different characters think or feel |
| 3rd person limited point of view | told by a narrator outsides the story, but only the thoughts and feelings of one character is told |
| 3rd person objective point of view | told by a narrator outside the story who only reports the actions of the characters in the story |
| denotation | the specific or literal dictionary definition of a word |
| connotation | the sense or feeling associated with the word |
| direct characterization | the author directly states character traits |
| indirect characterization | author shows a character's personality through his or her actions, thoughts, feelings, words, and appearance |
| spatial order | organizes the description of items according to their position or closeness to each other |
| chronological order | gives events in the order that they occur in time |
| order of importance | organizes details, reasons, etc. in the order of their importance |
| process order | gives the steps of a process in the order they should be completed |
| footnote | additional detail or comment added to the bottom of the page with numbers |
| graphics | visual illustrations or photographs |
| charts | diagrams or tables |
| sidebars | provide supplementary information on the side of a page |
| preface | introduction section that introduces the text |
| introduction | explanatory section at the beginning that sets the scene. Introduces the subject, summarizes the main idea |
| prologue | introduces the passage or speech before the main action in a novel, play, or long poem |
| foreword | introduces a note, essay, or chapter written by someone else other than the author |
| essay | short piece of writing on a specific topic |
| mode | the type of writing: narrative, informative, persuasive |
| slang | very informal words or expressions |
| heading | title of a piece of work |
| persuasive mode | writing that persuades the reader |
| informative mode | writing that gives the reader information |
| purpose | the reason for the writing |
| audience | people who read or hear a messgae |
| diction | author's choice of words and their use |
| bibliography | list of books or articles used in a work |
| epilogue | section at the end of a literary work, details the fate of the characters |
| afterward | end section or concluding section |
| summary | a restatement of the main idea and important points of the original text |
| precis | short summary of the essential ideas of a longer composition; the basic thought is reproduced in miniature retaining the mood and tone of the original |
| explication | a type of explanation that interprets or clarifies a text. It is a clear, concise statment that explains the gist of the passage |
| inference | a conclusion drawn from evidence or reasoning |
| fiction | a type of literature drawen from the imagination of the author that tells about imaginary characters or events |
| novel | a long narrative ficitional work that is usually divided into chapters |
| short story | a short narrative fictional work that is carefully crafted and tightly constructed. |
| poem | a composition that is characterized by the use of condensed language and literary techniques that appeal to the reader's imagination and emotion. |
| play Or Drama | a composition or productionwritten to be preformed by actors in stage,television, or radio. Plays contain scripts of a dialogue and information about scene design and action. Plays are often divided into acts and scenes. |
| nonfiction | deals with real people, things, events, and places. These texts are primarily designed to inform, explain, argue/persuade, or describe. |
| flashback | is an interruption of the narrative to show an episode that happened before that particylar point in the story. |
| plot | is the progress of evens or what happens in the story |
| sarcasm | is the use of verbal irony in which a person appears to be praising something but is actually insulting it. |
