| A | B |
|---|
| Monotheism | The belief in only one god |
| Abraham | Directed by God to lead his followers out of Mesopotamia and to Canaan |
| Jacob | Abraham’s grandson; also known as Israel (“one who struggles with God”) |
| Tribes | Separate family groupings. Jacob’s 12 descendents were divided into 12 tribes, led by Jacob’s 12 sons |
| Moses | Led the Israelites out of Egypt; received the Torah and Ten Commandments from God |
| Mount Sinai | Where Moses received the Torah and Ten Commandments from God |
| Torah | The Hebrew Bible |
| Covenant | an agreement between the people of Israel and God that the land of Canaan would be “promised” to them if they followed his Laws |
| Deborah | A woman judge and military adviser who helped command and defeat King Jabin of Canaan |
| Phoencians | Canaanites who lived along the Mediterranean Sea, skilled sailors and traders |
| Alphabet | A group of letters that stood for sounds in language |
| Philistines | Politically and militarily the strongest people living in Canaan around 1000 B.C.; not the Israelites. (Israelites copied them in many ways) |
| Prophet | A person who claims to be instructed by God to share God’s words |
| Saul | a warrior-farmer who was anointed (blessed with sacred oils to show that he was chosen by God) as king |
| David | a shepherd-warrior who defeated a giant Philistine named Goliath |
| empire | a nation that rules over many other nations |
| tribute | money, slaves, or other valuables that is given to a stronger ruler. |
| Jerusalem | New capital for the Israelites, created by David |
| Solomon | King David’s son who built the temple in Jerusalem; best known for wise sayings; taxed people heavily to pay for splendid buildings |
| proverbs | Wise sayings of Solomon |
| Judah | a kingdom established in the southern region of Israel after Solomon’s death and a rebellion; the capital was Jerusalem |
| Nebuchadnezzar | Chaldean king who captured Jerusalem and forced 10,000 Jews to leave Jerusalem and live in Babylon |
| Exile | Forced to live in a foreign land |
| Babylon | Meosopotamian city where Jews were forced to live after being removed from Jerusalem |
| Sabbath | The weekly day of worship |
| Synagogues | Jewish house of worship |
| Diaspora | Greek work meaning "the scattered"; Jews were scattered throughout the Mediterranean area |
| Judas Maccabeus | Led a group of Jews who rebelled against the Greek ruler Antiochus; drove Greeks from Judah |
| King Herod | most famous ruler of Judea; known for his cruelty and changes he made to the Jewish temple in Jerusalem |
| Messiah | A deliverer sent by God |
| Zealots | Wanted to fight Romans for freedom and drove Romans out of Jerusalem |
| Rabbis | A Jewish teacher of the Torah |
| Johanan ben Zakkai | Famous rabbi who founded a school that became center for Jewish study; created the Talmud |
| Talmud | Record of Jewish law |
