| A | B |
|---|
| Chinampas | farm plots built by piling mud into raised beds |
| conquistadors | Spanish word meaning “conquerors” |
| encomienda | the system in which the king gives favored Spaniard a right to the labor of a certain number of Indians |
| entrada | armed expeditions of the Spanish |
| presidios | Spanish forts |
| quipu | a system in which cords are tied with knotted strings of different colors to create codes for complex information such as financial accounts |
| Sapa Inca | title of the supreme ruler of the Incas |
| Yo el Rey | Spanish for I |
| Juan Cabrillo | his expedition explore 1200 miles of Pacific coastline |
| Francisco Coronado | burned down 13 Indian villages because they rebelled |
| Hernan Cortes | he conquered Mexico |
| Ponce de Leon | searched for the “Fountain of Youth” |
| Panfilo de Narvaez | his conquistador couldn’t find his ships in Florida and died in the Gulf of Mexico |
| Marcos de Niza | searched for Seven Cities of Gold |
| Francisco Pizarro | conqueror of the Incas |
| Hernando de Soto | found only a few pearls (no gold) before dieing near Mississippi River |
| Cabeza de Vaca | traveled with Naraez and survived only to be captured by Indian and held prisoner for 6 years |
| Incas | performed brain surgery-had 2500 mile of roads-didn’t have wheels; tools or animals-buildings made of stone held together by gravity- |
| Aztecs | sacrificed humans for their sun God-collected tributes (gold; incense; turquoise; feathers…) |
| Spanish conquistadors | wanted fame and glory-to find gold to get rich- convert Indians to Christianity |
| Aztecs thought Cortes was | a god |
| Aztecs were infected with | smallpox |
| Pizarro | kidnapped and killed the Inca king |
| head of the Catholic Church in Spain | the king |
| oldest permanent European settlement in the US | St. Augustine…established in 1565 |
| Fort Caroline | built by the French |
| Laws of the Indies | there were four requirements for every city in the colonies |
| capital of the Aztec civilization | Cuzco |
| capital of the Inca civilization | Tenochtitlan |
| the Spanish conquered the Aztecs in | 1519 |
| year the Spanish conquered the Incas | 1532 |
| Santa Fe was established | 1609 |
| Mercantilism | the economic idea that a nation became strong by filing its treasury with gold and silver |
| Mestizos | people who are part Spanish and part Indian |
| Peninsulares | people who are born in Spain |
| Tribute | forced payment |
| Atahualpa | the Inca ruler |
| Charles I | king of Spain |
| Sir Francis Drake | the Englishman who circumnavigated the globe |
| Eusebio Kino | built a chain of missions in Arizona |
| Alonso de León | a Spanish conquistador…he gave a positive report of friendly Indians |
| Malinche / Dona Marina | name of Cortes interpreter |
| Pedro Menéndez | established St. Augustine |
| Moctezuma | the name of the emperor of the Aztecs |
| Juan de Oñate | led 400 settlers in New Mexico |
| Pedro de Peralta | planned Santa Fe |
| Popé | the Indian who lead a successful revolt against the Spanish |
| Gaspar de Portolá | they established San Diego Bay |
| Junípero Serra | they established San Diego Bay |
| Quetzalcoatl | the name of the god the Aztecs thought Cortes was |
| Nahuah | Aztec Language |
| Tiaxcalans | Indian tribe that helped Cortes defeat Aztecs |
| Aztecs performed human sacrifices | to honor the god of sun |
| Mexico City | new name for Tenochtitlan |
| Runners | carried messages on the Inca roads |
| Viceroy | person who acts for the king in America |
| Ships | what Cortes destroyed when he arrived on the coast of Mexico |
| Ransom for the ruler of the Incas | fill a room two times with silver and once with gold |
| Texas | where de Vaca washed up on shore |
| Puerto Rico | where the Spanish thought the fountain of youth was |
| Tejas | the tribe that Alonso de Leon met in Texas |
| New Spain | what the area in Mexico and Central America used to be called |
| No written language | so messages were memorized |
| Gravity | what held Inca stone together in their buildings |
| Andes | the mountain that the Incas lived in |
| Lake Texcoco | lake that surrounds the Aztec capital |
| Knights | what conquistadors viewed themselves as |
| Mexico | the modern day city where the Aztec civilization was located |
| Spanish horses | animals that amazed Aztecs |
| South America | where Inca empire was located |
| Smallpox | disease that was the silent helper of Spanish |
| England | country that had pirates that attacked Spanish |
| 3 days | how long it took the Spanish to empty the hidden treasure of the Aztec empire |
| Adobe | what De Niza thought was gold |
| Sapa Inca | title of the supreme ruler of the Incas |
| Creoles | people born in America to Spanish |
| Latinos | offspring of intermarried Spanish-Indians-Africans |
