| A | B |
|---|
| perspective | a particular point of view |
| sociology | study of social structure |
| sociological perspective | a view that looks at behavior of groups not individuals |
| social structure | the patterned interaction of people in social relationships |
| sociological imagination | ability to see the link between society and self |
| Auguste Comte | father of sociology; positivism; social dynamics/statics |
| positivism | belief that knowledge should be derived from scientific observation |
| social statics | study of social stability |
| social dynamics | study of social change |
| Harriet Martineau | translated Comte; saw a link between slavery and oppression of women |
| Herbert Spencer | Social Darwinism; evolutionary change will lead to progress |
| Social Darwinism | survival of the fittest in society |
| Karl Marx | proposed a classless society |
| bourgeoisie | class owning the means for producing wealth |
| capitalist | person who owns or controls the means for producing wealth |
| proletariat | working class |
| class conflict | struggle between the bourgeoisie and proletariat |
| Emile Durkheim | society exists due to consensus; mechanical & organic solidarity |
| mechanical solidarity | social dependency based on shared values, conformity, dependence on tradition, family |
| organic solidarity | interdependency basied on a high degree of specialized roles |
| Max Weber | Protestant Ethic; verstehen. rationalization |
| verstehen | putting yourself in the place of others |
| rationalization | knowledge, reason, planning |
| Jane Addams | social reformer; Hull House |
| W.E.B. Du Bois | attacked "Negro problem"; Pan African movement |
| theoretical perspective | set of assumptions accepted as true |
| functionalism | emphasized the contributions made by each part of society |
| manifest functions | intended consequences |
| latent functions | unintended consequences |
| dysfunction | negative consequences |
| conflict perspective | emphasized role of conflict, competition; who has the power |
| power | ability to control the behavior of others |
| symbolic interactionism | emphasizes interactions among people based on mutually understood symbols acting as communication |
| symbol | stands for something else and has an agreed upon meaning |
| dramaturgy | depicts human interaction as theatrical performances |
| survey | research method in which people repsond to questions |
| population | a group of people with certain specified characteristics |
| sample | a group of people that represents a larger population; should be random to be representative |
| representative sample | a sample that accurately reflects the characteristics of the population as a whole |
| secondary analysis | using precollected information for data collection and research purposes |
| field research | takes place in a nonlaboratory setting |
| case study | intensive study of a group or incident |
| participant observation | a case study where the researcher becomes a member of the group being studied |
| correlation | a measure of how two variables relate |
| positive correlation | as one factor increases the other increases |
| negative correlation | as one factor increases the other decreases |
| spurious correlation | a relationship between two variables that is actually caused by a third factor |
